语法填空语法填空针对学生实际的备考方法探讨针对学生实际的备考方法探讨Teaching ObjectsvTo analyze:Common mistakesPossible reasonsPossible solutionslHe is student.lHe in the classroom study.lHe by bike to go to school.lHe is reading under the sun.lThere are many students study in the classroom.lBecause he got up late, so he couldnt catch the bus.lMy hometown happened great changes.Grammar or not？母语影响大语法观念淡薄“语法填空语法填空”要求考生阅读一篇短文，要求考生阅读一篇短文， 然后完成然后完成1010项语法填空。内容包括项语法填空。内容包括根据句子的根据句子的 语法结构和上下文连贯语法结构和上下文连贯的要求的要求填入适当的词填入适当的词 语；或语；或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。“语法填空语法填空”考查考生在考查考生在 上上 理解并应用语法知识的能力，考试采用填空的理解并应用语法知识的能力，考试采用填空的 形式，而不是选择填空。形式，而不是选择填空。“语法填空语法填空”要求考要求考 生必须具备较好的生必须具备较好的 能力，而不只是能力，而不只是 语法辨析能力。语法辨析能力。 题型说明题型说明 语法填空语法填空语篇层面语篇层面语法分析语法分析vv考查学生是否能理清考查学生是否能理清句子结构的语法性和句子结构的语法性和 句子意义的逻辑性句子意义的逻辑性。需分析。需分析: :vv句子的句子的构成成分构成成分（包括句子的基本成分和（包括句子的基本成分和 扩展成分）；扩展成分）；vv句子成分之间的句子成分之间的一致性一致性，比如，主谓一致，比如，主谓一致 、时态一致等；、时态一致等；vv句子的句子的篇章篇章制约制约; ;vv句子的句子的意义意义制约。制约。 考点分析考点分析 语境语境+ +语法语法vv句子结构的构成：句子结构的构成：非谓语动词非谓语动词( (扩展成分扩展成分) )vv句子的篇章制约：句子的篇章制约：代词指称代词指称vv句子的意义制约：句子的意义制约：语境意义语境意义Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 1 being killed (kill) right below their windows. She was 2 their neighbor. Yet 3 none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police.I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car31_(break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32_should have the honor of receiving me 33_a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34_(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35_small town some 20 kilometres away 36_there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37_ villagers brought me goats cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 _(merry) till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 _the trouble I had caused40_.brokewho assettleda whereOther merrilyfor her句子结构：谓语was broken (34); broken (25); 句子结构：分句层次Whom（36） 句子结构：扩展成份 （意义制约）with (13); for (9); 句子结构： 扩展成份to settle (27); settle (20); 意义制约the (40); 句子结构：分句层次from (32); because (13); 篇章制约：代词指称The (45); Some (40; merried (9); merries (6) ; 句子结构：扩展成份what(12); 篇章制约：代词指称 to(37); before(25); 句子结构： 词类转换Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life.31_ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop32_(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help 33_ rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34_ day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.One day, he came up with an idea 35_ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.He was very tired 36_ doing this for a whole day, 37_ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38_(high).His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39_(nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40_ (result) in the contrary to our intention. Behind to help his thisthatafter but highernaturalresults意义制约：意义关系In (37); And(24); 扩展成份；意义制约helps(21); helping(7); 篇章制约the (61); 篇章制约it(109); 句子结构： 分句层次which(5); 意义制约：语境意义 of(52); to(13); 意义制约：分句逻辑意义关系 and(2) ; 语境意义；构词highly(17); 句子结构：词类转换nature(4); naturely(3); 句子结构：谓语resulted(33); result(11); vv上下文上下文的线索，的线索，篇章篇章的连贯。的连贯。vv没联系上下文；或联系脱节。没联系上下文；或联系脱节。vv语境意识语境意识不强。不强。代词代词(pronoun)(pronoun)0707年年 3737题：题：OtherOther villagers brought me villagers brought me goats cheese and honey.goats cheese and honey.4040题：题： the trouble I had caused the trouble I had caused herher. .0808年年 3333题：题：anxious to help anxious to help hishis rice crop rice crop grow up quickly.grow up quickly.3434题：题：He was thinking about He was thinking about thisthis day day and night.and night.vv均属句子的均属句子的扩展成份扩展成份。vv意义意义制约制约vv固定短语固定短语必须能运用自如必须能运用自如介词（preposition)07 07 年年 3333题：题： receiving me receiving me as as a guest a guest 3939题：题： I wanted to reward the old I wanted to reward the old woman woman forfor the trouble . the trouble .0808年年 3131题：题：BehindBehind these proverbs there these proverbs there are often interesting stories.are often interesting stories.36 36题：题：He was very tired He was very tired afterafter doing doing this for a whole