用心 爱心 专心Unit 4 Learning efficiently语法知识归纳梳理虚拟语气 中学生要掌握“虚拟语气在条件句中的使用” 、 “虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用” 、 “虚 拟语气在表达愿望、主张等从句中的使用”和“虚拟语气在特殊结构中的使用”等。这 些是进一步学习英语的重要基础。现分述如下：1.虚拟条件是指讲话人认为无法实现、不可能存在的条件。在考题中，出题人会将虚拟条件 转成其他的“事实”陈述，而不以 if-clause 的形式出现。）与现在事实不符的虚拟条件句 If Professor Zhang were here, he could/would/might/should help us.张教授现在如果在这里，他 就能就会也许应该帮助我们。 （四个情态动词各表达讲话人不同的讲话态度，要注意 选择使用。 ）与过去事实不符的虚拟条件句 If you had gone to the meeting yesterday, you should have known what was discussed there.昨天， 你如果参加了会议，就应该知道会议上讨论了什么。Had Tom met me before, I might have told him about it.汤姆要是早点儿遇到了我，我也许把这 件事告诉过他了。 （省略 if 就要将谓语部分的动词调到句首）真题： 1. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海) A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall. 解析：这是混合时态、混合语气的主从复合句。主句 is hard 是陈述语气；宾语从句里的主句 谓语 would be doing 是“与现在事实不符”的虚拟语气；if 引导的条件句谓语应该要是与过 去事实不符的虚拟语气，因为 at the age of seven 是明确的时间状语。故选 B。2. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now. (2002 上海) A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 解析：时间状语 just now 和过去时态连用，因此这是与过去事实不符的虚拟语气。故选 C。3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. (2001 上海) A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 解析：从逻辑的角度看，转折副词 otherwise 后面总是要接虚拟语气。该句中 hesitated 是过 去时态，故选 D。4. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. (2004 广西) A. should have arrived B. should arrive 用心 爱心 专心C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 解析：8:30 就应到达，但是现在还没有出现。Should 含有轻微的指责意。故选 A。5. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. 23. (2004 福建)You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 解析：原因同上。故选 D。6. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (2001 全国) A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 解析：你不应该一句话不说就离家出走的，但是你却这样做了，用虚拟语气。故选 B。）与将来事实可能不符的条件句If it were to rain this afternoon, the football match would be put off till next Friday.如果今天下午 下雨，足球赛就推迟到下一周星期五。Did Tom come tomorrow(=If Tom came tomorrow), we should show him around our campus.如果 汤姆明天来，我们应该带领他参观我们的校园。If they should play the match against us, we should get the team well organized and try our best to beat them.如果他们真的和我们打比赛，我们应该好好地组织并努力战胜他们。注意：条件句引导词 if 若被省略，该条件句则倒装。在实际使用中，虚拟语气和陈述语 气会出现在同一主从复合句里。所以，我们要注意混合语气、混合时态的使用。比如：If I had known her earlier, I might have fallen in love with her. But what a pity, now she has been others bride.我如果早一些时候认识她，我也许会爱上她的。可是，可惜啊，她现在成了别 人的新娘。If I had been informed yesterday, I should know what to do now.昨天要是有人告诉我，我现在就 知道做什么了。真题：I _ pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (2004 浙江)A. should B. might C. would D. could 用心 爱心 专心解析：根据 but 引导的转折分句看，visit 如果要发生，也应该是周末的事。故选 A。2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用在英语里，wish/ advise/ suggest(建议)/ demand/insist(坚决主张)/ ask(要求) / order / require / desire / propose/ urge/ prefer 等动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，除 wish 以外，其结构都是“should+原形动词” ，should 可以被省略。在与这些动词对应的名词后的 同谓语从句、表语从句里也要用这种结构的虚拟语气。I wish I would be manager of this company after I graduate from the college.我希望大学毕业后能 做这个公司的经理。I wish I had enough money on me now.我希望现在手头有足够的钱。I wish I had met the beautiful young lady yesterday.我希望昨天见过那位年轻漂亮的女士了。The head-teacher asked that the classroom (should) be cleaned right away.班主任要求学生们立 即打扫教室。真题：1. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海)A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 解析：就本句看，是描述一般情况，表达与现在的愿望之间的距离或者叫与现在事实不符的 虚拟语气。故选 B。2. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. (2001 上海)A. might B. need C. should D. would 解析：该宾语从句描述“想象”与“现实”之间的差距，也是与现在事实不符的虚拟语气。 故选 C。3. 虚拟语气在 as if(though) /even if(though)等句子中的使用We should act as if she were watching us.我们要表现出好像她在看着我们。I couldnt help even though I had been there at the moment.即使我当时在场，我也没有办法。4. 虚拟语气在 It is important/ necessary/ desirable/ possible/ natural/ essential that-clause 以及 would rather/sooner 后的从句中和其他的特殊结构中的使用。比如：用心 爱心 专心Its necessary that you (should) keep your safety belt on at all times 你有必要始终系好安全带。Its strange that they (should) feel so angry.真奇怪，他们感到那么生气。Its a pity that they should have forgotten to tell you about it.真遗憾，他们竟然忘记了通知你 这件事。Id rather you came tomorrow.我倒希望你明天来。If only he were alive.他活着就好了。Its (high) time that we went home.我们应该回家。真题：If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (00 上海)A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 解析：在他“现在”遭罪之前应遵医嘱“静卧” ，但他过去没有。与过去事实不符，故选 C。