The Attributive clause 定语从句,Grammar,She is a beautiful girl who is from Korea.,She is a famous actress who is getting married.,She is a beautiful,_girl.,He is a little boy. He is eating .He is a little boy who is eating.,She is an English teacher who likes singing songs.,定语从句：在英语复合句中，由关联 词引导，修饰句中的名词、代词，有时也修饰主句的一部份或整个句子的从句称为定语从句。 它分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 被定语从句所修饰的那个词称为先行词。,关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）,关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只作状语。,引导词,先行词,引导词（从句中作主语）,定语从句,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句,restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause,限制性定语从句用于对主句先行词加以限制或分类，是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不能用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有它不影响主句意思的完整，常用逗号把主句和从句分开。,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句,restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause,This is the book (that) I was looking for.All those who have booked dinner please go to the restaurant now?,I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well. Last years winner presented the cup, which each holder keeps for the year.,注意：非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。,啥时用关系代词 啥时用关系副词呀！,选用关系词，需要看两点：1. 看先行词2.根据关系词在从句中充当的成分。,做主语，宾语，定语，表语,做状语用,关系代词,关系副词,who,whom,which,that,whose,关系代词的一般用法,That 也可以作_,Mary is not the girl that she was,表语,1. 关系代词who 和whom 在运用中的注意点,who 既可在从句中作主语，也可作宾语。whom在从句中只能作宾语。介词后的宾语只能是whom.,The man who/ whom you talked about has come. The man about whom you talked has come.,(3) 注意分析关系代词在从句中究竟是作主语还是宾语。,This is Professor Li, who I think has something interesting to tell us.,I think 是插入语，若去掉I think，从句仍是完整的句子：who has something interesting to tell us。关系代词who作主语。,2. 只能用关系代词that的情况,先行词是something, everything, much, little, few, all, any, none等不定代词时，或先行词被all, every, few, little, much, some, any等词所修饰时。当先行词被形容词最高级或被序数词修饰时。当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 修饰时。 This is the very book that I lost yesterday. (4) 关系代词既指人又指物时。 I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.(5) 当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时. China is no longer the country that she was.(6)当先行词为疑问代词，或主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，避免重复。(7) 在There/ Here be句型中。,Who that has been helped by him can forget his heroic action?,Here is the paper that you left behind the other.,3.只能使用which的情况。,1、非限制性定语从句中。 e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2、在介词之后。 e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man. 3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.,4.As作关系代词,1.,引导限制性定语从句，用在“such as”, “the same as/the same as”“so/asas”等结构中，e.g,He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.,The teacher gave the students so difficult a problem _ no one could work out. He is not the same man _ he used to be.,2. 引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代它前面的整个句子(即先行句)，意思是“这一点”。这个分句可以放在句首，句中，或句末。e.g,This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.,As is well known, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.,3.,若非限制性定语从句位于句首，句中或句末， 则用as来引导。e.g,As we expected, he completed his task with great success.,The compass was invented in China, as we know now.,4.,若非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是 be said, be known,be expected, be reported , be announced等结构时，不论是在句首，句中， 句末，都必须as用来引导. e.g,As is known to us, Taiwan is part of China.,when,where,why,time,place,reason,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,原因,时间,2 关系副词的用法,地点,5. 关系副词when, where和why在运用中注意的问题。,when指代时间，where指代地点，why指代原因，相当于一个相应的介词 + which。,He wont forget the day when/ on which he had his leg broken in the traffic accident.Stratford-on-Avon is the place where/ in which Shakespeare was born.Small children dont really know the reason why/ for which Father Christmas will come and bring them presents during their sleep.,(2) where引导的定从还可以修饰如case, condition, point, position, situation, system等表示“情况, 方面”等名词。,They were in a difficult situation where all efforts were in vain.We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.,介词+关系代词中的介词取决如1.The school _ which (where) he once studied is very famous. 2.This is the boy _ whom I played tennis yesterday. 3.He loves his parents deeply, both _whom are very kind to him.,in,with,of,定语从句中它与动词的搭配 与先行词的关系,定语从句其他注意点,必须搞清楚which, who或whom引导的是定语从句，而以and连接的是并列句。,He failed to keep his promise, which disappointed me.= He failed to keep the promise, and that disappointed me.,He has a lot of magazines, some of which are about sport.= He has a lot of magazines _ are about sport.,There are fifty students in the class, _ are girls.There are fifty students in the class and three-fifths of them are girls.,and some of them,three-fifths of whom,(2) 分析含有插入语的定语从句。,经常在定语从句中作插入语的有：,I (we) believe/ think/ know every body believes/ thinks/ knows,Jim is the new comer who I believe has great potential.,若认为该句的关系代词作I believe的宾语而用whom是错误的，因为I believe 的宾语不是whom一个词，而是who has great potential整个句子，因此关系代词在从句中是作主语的。,(3) 区别定语从句和强调句。,It was the company that he talked about.It was in the company that he worked for ten years.,判断依据：去掉”It isthat”句子结构是否完整。,wherethat 1.This is the library_I borrowed the book. 2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.,where,定语从句,that,强调句型,(4) 定语从句中的主谓一致问题。,定语从句中动词的单复数取决于先行词。,先行词是集体名词时，指整体时，关系代词用which，在从句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如集体名词是指其中的成员，则关系代词用who或whom，在从句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,