王 朋 Dec. 17th, 2013,2013年秋季学期大学英语4视频答疑,比较级和同级比较,Page 2,一、形容词与副词比较等级的构成方法 二、比较等级的常见句型 三、比较等级的特殊句型 四、比较级和最高级的常见修饰语 五、形容词与副词的比较等级用法注意 六、比较等级的重要考点 七、比较级练习题 八、主谓一致练习题,讲 课 提 纲,Page 3,1. 单音节和部分双音节形容词或副词通常加后缀er和est构成比较级和最高级。此时，还需注意：若原级以字母e结尾，则只加-r和-st；若原级以“辅音字母+y”结尾，则应将y改为i，再加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级；若原级为重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母后再加词尾-er和-est构成比较级和最高级。如： longlongerlongest largelargerlargest busybusierbusiest bigbiggerbiggest,一、形容词与副词比较等级的构成方法,Page 4,2. 多音节和部分双音节形容词在其前加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如： usefulmore usefulmost useful difficultmore difficultmost difficult 常见的不规则形容词与副词的比较等级变化： goodbetterbest； wellbetterbest； badworseworst； badlyworseworst； illworseworst； muchmoremost； manymoremost； littlelessleast； farfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest；等。 注：less和least也用来构成比较级或最高级，表示“较不”和“最不”：carefulless carefulleast careful。,一、形容词与副词比较等级的构成方法,Page 5,二、比较等级的常见句型,(1)两者相比，甲=乙，用“as +形容词或副词原级+ as”。如： He got up as early as I did.他和我起得一样早。 注：当asas中间有名词时，名词要放在形容词之后。如： I can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少纸，我也能。 (2)两者相比，甲乙，用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”。 Corn doesnt need as/so much water as rice.玉米不需要稻谷那么多水。,Page 6,二、比较等级的常见句型,(3)两者相比，甲乙，用“比较级形容词或副词+ than”。如：You are taller than I. 你比我高。He reads more careful than I.他比我看书更认真。 (4)多者比较，用“the+最高级+比较范围”。如：Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆是他班里个子最高。,Page 7,三、比较等级的特殊句型,(1) less/least +原级：表示降级的比较级或最高级。如： I am even less lucky. This is the least useful of the four books. (2) the+比较级, the+比较级：表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越就越”，前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： The harder you work, the better result youll get. (3) the+比较级(+of the two)：表示“两者中较的那个人或物”。如： Tom is the taller of the two brothers.,Page 8,三、比较等级的特殊句型,(4) 比较级+and+比较级：表示“越来越”， 单音节形容词或副词用“-er+and +-er”，warmer and warmer 多音节形容词或副词用“more and more”more and more beautiful (5) 比较级+than any other+单数名词：表示最高级意义。 Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.(=Mike is the most intelligent in his class.) (6) 否定词语+比较级：表示最高级含义。如： Nothing is easier than this.(=This is the easiest thing.),Page 9,三、比较等级的特殊句型,(7) 否定词语+ soas：表示最高级含义。如：Nothing is so easy as this. (8) more+形容词或副词+than：表示对同一人或物在不同方面进行取舍，意为“与其说倒不如”，不论形容词或副词的长短，一律用morethan。如：He is more hungry than tired. (9) no +比较级+ than：表示对两者的否定，意为“和一样不”，与neithernor或“as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as”相当。如 Tom is no taller than Mike. =Neither Tom nor Mike is tall. =Tom is as short as Mike.汤姆和迈克都不高(或一样矮)。 比较：“not+比较级前+than”表示前者不如后者。Tom is not taller than Mike.汤姆不比迈克高。,Page 10,四、比较级和最高级的常见修饰语,1. 比较级的修饰语 表示“稍稍”、“一点”意义的a bit, a little, rather, some, any ； 表示“得多”的 much, far, a great / good deal, a lot； 表示“更加”意义的 still, even, yet ； 表示确定程度的修饰语，如分数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词词组通常放在比较级前，也可由 by 引出而置于比较级之后。 It is even colder than yesterday. He looks a bit happier now. He is two years younger than me. This bridge is longer than that one by 10 meters. 注：quite, very, so 等不可修饰比较级。,Page 11,四、比较级和最高级的常见修饰语,2. 最高级的修饰语 最高级前可用 the very, the second, (by) far the, nearly, almost, by no means 等修饰。 This is by far the most important. Hainan is Chinas second largest island. This is quite far the most expensive bicycle in the shop.,Page 12,五、形容词与副词的比较等级用法注意,1. 比较级的基本用法 形容词和副词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。比较级主要用于两者比较，最高级主要用于多者比较。 2. 不能使用双重比较等级 构成比较级时不能既加词尾-er，又在其前加more；构成最高级时不能既在词尾加-est，又在其前加most，如不能说more better, most earliest 等。不过“比较级+and+比较级”这样的形式却完全可用。如： I am getting fatter and fatter. Were going more and more slowly.,Page 13,五、形容词与副词的比较等级用法注意,3. 使用比较等级要注意合乎逻辑 请看两组正误句： 我的电脑比她的贵。 误：My computer is more expensive than her 正：My computer is more expensive than hers. 上海人口比中国其他城市的人口要多。 误：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any city in China. 正：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any other city in China.,Page 14,五、形容词与副词的比较等级用法注意,4. 比较级和最高级的常见修饰语 比较级的修饰语：常见的有far, even, still, a lot, a great deal, a bit, rather, three times, any, no等。如： She felt a great deal more comfortable now. 最高级的修饰语：常见的有by far, nearly, almost, not quite, second, next 等。如： I want to give my children the very best education I can afford. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 注：very不能修饰比较级，却可修饰最高级，但它与一般的修饰最高的副词有所不同，即它要放在最高级前定冠词之后，而不是之前(另外，second, third, next等也要入在定冠词之后)。,Page 15,六、比较级的重要考点,1、考查比较等级的基本用法 1) Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest 2) Of the two coats, Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book. A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive 3) Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one. A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known,Page 16,六、比较级的重要考点,2、在语境中考查比较等级的用法 1) I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen _. A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst 2) The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest,