被动语态,被动语态,一、定义二、主动语态变被动语态的方法三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态,区别两种语态（定义）,主动语态： 被动语态：,主语是动作的执行者。,主语是动作的承受者。,(中文的“把字句”),(中文的“被字句”),主动语态变被动语态的方法,将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；,将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be动词过去分词”结构；再由be动词体现时态；,将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）,三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态,1. 一般现在时的被动语态 Eg. 1). 我们每天打扫教室。,We clean our classroom every day.,= Our classroom _ _ by _every day.,is,cleaned,us,2). 老师要求我努力学习。,The teacher asks me to study hard.,=I _ _ to study hard by the teacher,am,asked,一般现在时的被动语态构成：,一般现在时的主动语态构成：,主语+动词原形/ 动词的第三人称单数 +宾语。,主语+ is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词(+by sb.),练习：我们用小刀来切东西,We use knives for cutting things.,Knives are used for cutting things by us.,三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态,2. 一般过去时的被动语态 Eg. 1). 我们昨天打扫教室。,We cleaned our classroom yesterday.,= Our classroom _ _ by _ yesterday.,was,cleaned,us,2). 他们去年修建了两所学校。,They built two schools last year.,= Two schools _ _ by _ last year.,were,built,them,一般现在时的被动语态构成：,一般过去时的主动语态构成：,主语+动词过去式+宾语。,主语+ was/ were + 及物动词的过去分词(+by sb.),练习：昨天我们用小刀来切东西,We used knives for cutting things yesterday.,Knives were used for cutting things by us yesterday.,三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态,3. 一般将来时的被动语态 Eg. 1). 我们明天将打扫教室。,We will clean our classroom tomorrow.,= Our classroom _ _ _ by _ tomorrow.,be,cleaned,us,2). 他们明年将修建两所学校。,They will build two schools next year.,= Two schools _ _ _ by _ next year.,be,built,them,will,will,一般将来时的被动语态构成：,一般将来时的主动语态构成：,主语+will +动词原形+宾语。主语+am/ is / are going to+动词原形+宾语。,主语+ will + be + 及物动词的过去分词(+by sb.)主语+ am/ is/ are going to + be + 及物动词的过去分词(+by sb.),练习：明天我们将用小刀来切东西,We will use knives for cutting things tomorrow.,Knives will be used for cutting things by us tomorrow.,三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态,4. 现在完成时的被动语态 Eg. 1). 我们已经打扫了教室。,We have already cleaned our classroom.,= Our classroom _ already _ _ by _ .,been,cleaned,us,2). 他们修建这两所学校有3年了。,They have built the two schools for three years.,= Two schools _ _ _ by _ for three years.,been,built,them,has,have,现在完成时的被动语态构成：,现在完成时的主动语态构成：,主语+have/ has +动词过去分词+宾语。,主语+ have/ has+ been + 及物动词的过去分词(+by sb.),练习：我们已经用小刀来切东西,We have used knives for cutting things .,Knives have been used for cutting things by us .,三、各种时态的主动语态变被动语态,5. 含有情态动词的被动语态 Eg. 1). 我们应该打扫教室。,We should clean our classroom.,= Our classroom _ _ _ by _ .,be,cleaned,us,2). 他们可以两所学校。,They can build two schools.,= Two schools _ _ _ by _ .,be,built,them,should,can,含有情态动词的被动语态构成：,含有情态动词的主动语态构成：,主语+情态动词+动词原形+宾语。,主语+ 情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词(+by sb.),练习：我们可以用小刀来切东西,We can use knives for cutting things .,Knives can be used for cutting things by us .,四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况：,1. 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态,2. 不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,3. 带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态,4. 含短语动词的主动语态变被动语态,四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况：,1. 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态,Eg. 1). 他给了这个男孩一个苹果。,He gave the boy an apple,The boy _ _ an apple,was,given,An apple _ _ _ the boy,was,given,to,四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:,1. 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态,Eg. 2). 她的父亲给她买了一份礼物。,Her father bought her a present,She _ _ a present by her father,was,bought,A present _ _ _ her by her father,was,bought,for,四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:,1. 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：,把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；,把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。 give / show/ pass / send/ bring/ lend/ throw/ return sb. sth.= give / show/ pass / send/ bring/ lend/ throw/ return sth. to sb. cook/ buy / make sb sth. = cook / buy/ make sth. for sb.,四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:,1. 含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态,练习：妈妈每天给我做饭。,My mother cooks me meals every day., I am cooked meals by my mother every day., Meals are cooked for me by my mother every day.,四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:,2. 不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时 ：,Eg. 那天早上他们观看了孩子们跳舞。,They watched the children dance that morning,The children _ _ _ _that morning,were,watched,to,dance,四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:,2. 不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时 ：,不定式前要加to,主动语态用省略to的不定式做宾语补足语的有：,make/ have/ see/ watch/ hear/ notice sb do sth.,变为被动语态时：,be made/ had/ seen/ watched/ heard/ noticed to do,四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:,2. 不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时 ：不定式前要加上to,练习：我们常看见Tom打篮球。,We often see Tom play basketball., Tom is often seen to play basketball by us.,四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:,3. 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态,Eg. 1). 我们称呼他为小王。,We call him Xiao Wang,He _ _ Xiao Wang by us,is,called,2). 他们告诉他帮助我。,They told him to help me, He _ _ to help me by them,was,told,四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:,3. 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态 :,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。,练习：他把头发剪短了。,He cut his hair short,His hair was cut short,四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:,4. 主动语态的谓语是短语动词,Eg. 我们必须照顾好小树。,We must take good care of the young trees,The young trees _ _ _ _ _,must,be,taken,good,care,of,四、主动语态变为被动语态的其它情况:,4. 主动语态的谓语是短语动词时：改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。,练习： 他们想出了一个好主意。,They came up with a good idea.,A good idea _ _ _ _by them.,was,come,