The Sophists,1. Background(1) Literature: gods to human beings(2) History: traditions to narration(3) Medicine: imagination to anatomy(4) Philosophy: world to man,2. Enlightenment3. Protagoras“anthropos is a / the measure for all things, of things that are, that they are, and of things that they are not, that they are not.(DK80 B1) anthropos: man, humankind, humanity4. GorgiasNothing is (exists / is the case) or is knowable or conceivable.,5. Other sophistsProdicus, Hippias, Antiphon6. The physis-nomos Controversy(1) Meanings of physis and nomos(2) Problems(3) Consequences7. The arete/virtue Controversy(1) Meanings of arete(2) Whether or not arete can be taught(3) The end of arete-cultivation,8. General characters of the sophists(1) Theoretical skepticism(2) Ethical skepticism9. Influences of the sophists(1) Positive:(2) Negative:,