Grammar,The past participle as the Attribute Predicative and the object complement. 过去分词充当定语、表语和宾语补足语。 作用与用法：过去分词(表示完成和被动的动作)具有形容词、副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单独构成谓语。, 定语过去分词作定语,表示分词动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。单一的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前;过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。,如: The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。The books bought yesterday (which were bought yesterday ) are of high quality. 昨天买的书确实很不错。, 表语过去分词作表语, 表示主语的状态, 且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词, 是形容词化的过去分词。 如: Im interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong. 我对金庸写的小说很感兴趣。, 宾语补足语作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词,和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:A. see, hear, watch, feel, think ,find 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。We found her greatly changed. 我们发现她变了很多。,B. make, get, have, help, leave 等表示“致使”意义的动词What made them so frightened? C. like, want, wish, order 等表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting. 他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。, 现在分词与过去分词的区别: 定语中现在分词作定语常表示“动作正在进行”,此时或当时的状态等;过去分词则常表示“动作发生在谓语动词的动作前”等;被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语,是过去分词的逻辑宾语。,如: I know the man standing there. 我认识站在那儿的那个人。Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗？, 表语现在分词作表语,具有主动的含义,意味着“起这种作用”;而过去分词作表语具有被动含义, 意味着“受这种影响”。 如: The work was tiring. 这项工作挺累人的。The worker were soon tired. 工人们很快就感到累了。,注意: 作表语的过去分词表示状态,构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作: The book is well written. (表语) The book was written by a soldier. (被动语态), 宾语补足语现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。 如: I heard someone calling me.I heard my name called. 我听见有人喊我。,配套练习,1. _ (污染的)air and water are harmful to peoples health. 2. The problem _ (在会议上讨论的) yesterday was very difficult to solve.,Polluted,discussed at the meeting,完成句子。,3. He became _ (兴奋) when he heard he had won the first place in the competition. 4. I am _ (感兴趣) in the story. 5. I havent got the film _ (冲洗)yet. 6. Do you know the man _ (站) beside the door?,excited,interested,developed,standing,单句改错 7. A breaking cup is lying on the floor. breaking改为broken 8. The meeting holds yesterday was very important. holds改为held,9. When I entered the room. I found Mary seating beside my mother. seating改为seated 10. When they woke up , they found the world outside completely changing. changing改为changed,11. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home_. A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted,单项填空,12. You can make yourself _ in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood,13. He tried to _ in Japanese. A. understand himself B. make himself understanding C. make himself understood D. make to understand,14. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving ; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made,15. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained,16. He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. having noted B. noted C. to note D. noting,17. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,18. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change,19. The disc digitally _in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded,