reading comprehension,阅读理解,. 高考阅读的基本解题思路：（四步兵法)第一，扫描题目，划关键词。（关键词；大写字母 ,人名 ,地名 时间 ,数字等）第二，通读全文，抓住中心。（首段，尾段）第三，仔细审题，返回原文定位 （1仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩 2 定位原则 出题的顺序与文章的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题） 第四，重叠选项，得出答案。,主旨大意题,事实细节题,词 义 猜 测 题,命 题 类,推 理 判 断 题,江苏省2013 高考真题 阅读理解 D篇,Lets scan the passage 浏览文章(每段开头 结尾）,1Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.2 I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into2 the story.3Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twains novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twains most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struckthemas rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it.)4 But the attacks were and are sillyand miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jims search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.”,5 There is much more. Twains mystery novel Puddnhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twains tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her masters baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the masters baby by his wife. The slaves light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The masters wifes baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.6The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech, for examplewere, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.,7Twains racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youthmostly with white men performing in black-faceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.8 Was Twain a racist? Asking the questioning the 21 stcentury is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.,the organization of the passage文章框架,Questions,1 How do Twains novels on slavery differ from Stowes?（推理推断题） A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism. B. Twains attack on racism was much less open. C. Twains themes seemed to agree with plots. D. Twain was openly concerned with racism.,information location 信息定位,paragraph2 I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks（抨击 ）on slavery and prejudice （偏见）into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.马克吐温把他对奴隶制度的和偏见的抨击植入到了故事中而且只是在故事的表面进行 He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.,check choices 核实选项,1 How do Twains novels on slavery differ from Stowes?（推理推断题） A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism. B. Twains attack on racism was much less open. C. Twains themes seemed to agree with plots. D. Twain was openly concerned with racism. Twain planted his attacks（抨击 ）on slavery and prejudice （偏见）into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.马克吐温把他对奴隶制度的和偏见的抨击植入到了故事中而且只是在故事的表面进行 much less open不那么公开.,