Theory and Practice of E-C Translation,王海萍,第三章 英译汉常用方法和技巧,翻译技巧，最基本的有如下几种：拆译、词性转译、精简、增补、倒置、反译、虚译和实译、词语褒贬翻译、被动式翻译。这些翻译技巧互相穿插，互为补充。同一个句子的翻译，可以交替使用几种不同的技巧。,例： On one of those sober and rather melancholy days in the latter part of autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together, and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abbey. There was something congenial to the season in the mournful magnificence of the old pile; and, as I passed its threshold, it seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity, and losing myself among the shades of former ages. 时方晚秋，气象肃穆，略带忧郁，早晨的阴影和黄昏的阴影，几乎连接在一起，不可分别，岁云将暮，终日昏暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏寺去散步了几个钟头。古寺巍巍，森森然似有鬼气，和阴沉沉的季侯正好调和；我跨进大门，觉得自己已经置身远古，相忘于古人的鬼影之中了。,第一节 拆译法,英语的句法连绵，一个主句可以与众多的修饰词组、短语、从句共同组成，讲究一气呵成，几乎不容读者喘息机会。汉语句法短促，从容不迫。 拆译法应用：1）复杂长句中 2）看似简单的英语句 断点：关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处,（1）Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States. （1）同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。,1) He crashed down on a protesting chair. 2) on one sunshiny morning in June, 3) He was thunderingly insistent that something should be done about it. 4) There is a bewildering variety of acoustics and vibration measurement equipment now available to the noise control engineer.,1) Darkness released him from his last restraints. 2) His informality impressed me deeply. 3) The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket. 4) Her alternations of mood were the despair and joy of Ethan Frome.,exercises,1) Im not the first man who has made mistakes. 2) The air seemed almost sticky from the scent of bursting buds. 3)A few of the pictures are worth mentioning both for their technical excellence and interesting content. 4) People who value their privileges above their principle soon lose both. 5)Their fortress, built on a hill, commanded an extensive prospect of the bright and beautiful lake and its surrounding forests. 6) I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.,第二节 词类转换,英语是一种静态型的语言结构，动作意义常借用其同源名词或其他词类来表达。 The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments. =No news is good news. 汉语则更偏向动态，多用动词表达动作意义，因而动词丰富且动词使用频率较高。play chessplay footballplay the pianoplay the fluteplay tricks,一、转化成动词名词介词 动词 形容词 副词,1. He admires the Presidents stated decision to fight for the job. 2. As the week drew to a close, the enemy rout was complete. 3. He is a good singer/dancer/story-teller/lover of Chinese painting. 4. The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration. 5. He is in full conviction that real knowledge is the end product of a thorough study of the history.,6. “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. 7. The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious. 8. As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.,二、转译成名词动词、形容词 名词,1. Formality has always characterized their relationship. 2. To them, he personified the absolute power. 3. Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earths atmosphere after completing their missions. 4. They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 5. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant-but soft. 6. The Wilde family were religious.,练习： 1. A look at his photos reminded me of our school days. 2. The streets are marked by an absence of color. 3. My admiration for him grew more. 4. We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars. 5. After several blocks, he found an empty park bench. 6. He must have been aware that his parents marriage was breaking up. 7. His indulgent mother was willing to let him do anything he wanted. 8. Bright colors and bold strokes characterized his early paintings. 9. Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship. 10. The road to development is long but we are firmly on it.,三 、名词 形容词 1) We are deeply convinced of the correctness of those policies and firmly determined to pursue it. 2）He is a man of cool courage. 3）The garden party is a great success.,其他词类转译： 形容词 副词 名词 副词 1）We took brief, restless naps, struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of VOA. 2）The movie “Brokeback Mountain” impressed him deeply. 3）Buckley was in a clear minority. 4） When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with his charm and humor.,5) They have not done so well ideologically as organizationally.练习： 1. Diligence and intelligence are of considerable importance to your success. 2Its such a nuisance that Ive got to work on Saturday.,3. There is no point arguing about it-just do as you are told. 4. He had the kindness to show me the way. 5. We found difficulty in solving the housing problem. 6. The dominant factor in the growth of the company in question throughout the years has been its success in maintaining technical superiority in product design and manufacturing techniques.,