Read sentences 14 from the passage. Compare them with the rewritten sentences (a)-(b).,1 Will put down his shopping bag and held out his hand. 2 Will, still watching, saw the cat behave curiously. 3 He crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating. 4 He pushed his shopping bag through, and then scrambled through himself.,1,(a) Putting down his shopping bag, Will held out his hand. (b) Will watched and saw the cat behave curiously. (c) He kept eyes on the spot where the cat had been investing and crossed the road. (d) Pushing his shopping bag through, he scrambled through himself. Underline the words that use the ing form of the verb. How is the ing form of the verb used?,Answer the question about the sentences in Activity 1. 1 Which sentences describe two things that happen at the same time?2 Which sentences describe one thing happening immediately after another?3 Look at sentences (a) and (d). Do the two parts of the sentences refer to the same person?,2,Adverbial clauses with ing,动词ing 形式做状语,(not) doing,(not) being done,(not) having done,(not) having been done,现在分词的一般式表示该动作与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语 动作之后发生，有时也表示在谓语动作之前发生。The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones.2。现在分 词的完成式表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，强调时间先后关系。,Having finished his homework ,the boy went out to play football.,1. Seeing is believing.2. Life is not finding yourself. Life iscreating yourself.3. Genius (天才) only means working hard all ones life.,Review,. 眼见为实。,天才只意味着终生刻苦奋斗。,subject: 主语,人生不是寻觅自我，而是创造自我。,predicative 表语,object: 宾语,V-ing 作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、方式伴随、让步、结果等。,一.时间状语，相当于when, while ,as 等引导的时 间状语从句，常位于句首或句末。,1.When he was walking along the street,he methis old friend.,=Walking along the street,he met his old friend.,2.Be careful while you are crossing the street.,=Be careful while crossing the street.,二.原因状语相当于as, since, because等引起的 原因状语从句，常位于句首,句中或句末。,1.Because she hadnt received his reply,she decided to write a second letter.,=Not having received his reply,she decided to write a second letter.,2.As we lived in the country,we had many joys.,=Living in the country,we had many joys.,三.条件状语，相当于一个if 等引导的条件状语从 句，常位于句首。,1.If I know anything about it,I will tell you all.,=Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all.,2.-I could go and get someone to bring the car.-No, thanks. Ill be better if walking,四.让步状语：相当于although, though, even if, even though引起的让步状语从句,常位于句首。,1.Although he had bought a lot of books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.,=Buying a lot of books for the exam,he failed in it because of the learning method.,2.Though they knew all this,they made me pay for the damage.,=knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.,五.结果状语表示一种必然的结果，可扩展为含 有并列谓语的简单句。常位于句末。,=It rained heavily so it caused serve flooding inthat country.,2 It rained heavily, causing serve flooding in that country.,=My parents went to the party yesterday and they left me alone at home,1 My parents went to the party yesterday ,leaving me alone at home.,六.伴随状语,1.All the students sat in the classroom and listenedto their teacher.,=All the students sat in the classroom,listening to their teacher.,2.He ran up to her breathing heavily.,=He ran up to her and he was breathing heavily.,分词等于and并列两个动词或分句。,七.方式状语,1.Walking slowly,I approached （靠近）the little window.,= By walking slowly, I approached the little window.,2.He stood leaning against（靠在上） the wall.,=He stood and leaned against the wall.,分词等于介词with引起的方式状语 或and并列的两个谓语动词,为了使动词ing形式作状语所表达的时间，条件，结果，让步，原因等意思更加明确，可以在动词ing前加上适当的连词或介词（when, while, as, because, if, though ,after, before等）。as soon as 可以用on+ v - ing 取代。,注意,1 Dont talk while having dinner. 2 Once losing this chance, you cant easily find it. 3 On arriving the classroom, she began to read.,1 While reading the book, the telephone rang.2 Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.,改错,动词ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，动词ing 形式表示的动作是次要动作。（一个主语多个动作。）,注意,巩固练习:,1. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparingC. prepared D. was preparing,2. “Cant you read?” she said angrily, _ to the notice.A. pointed B. and pointingC. pointing D. to point3. The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A. playing B. to be playingC. play D. to play,4. _ your homework, you mustnt listen to music.A. When do B. When to doC. When doing D. When you doing,5. It rained heavily, _ severe flooding in the country.A. causing B. to causeC. caused D. having caused6. Any driver _ a license ought to be punished.A. doesnt have B. having notC. has not D. not having,_(hear) the sad news, they couldnt help crying. 2. _(be) very angry, she couldnt go to sleep. 3. The woman lay in bed, _(listen) to the rushing winds. 4. _(work) this way, they greatly reduced the cost.,