Grammar,Direct speech &Indirect speech,1. 陈述句的间接引语连接词用that, 在 口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told,等。 例如： He said: “Ive left my book in my room.” He told me that he had left his book in his room.,复习规律,2.疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接 词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时 只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没 有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等。 例如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.,3. 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如：, The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.,The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,过去完成时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在完成时,过去完成时,时态的变化,The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：,1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变,The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”,(2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时, 时态不变Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.”,Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.,(3)直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时，时态保持不变。,The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”, The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.,(4). 若直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.”, She said she had gone there whenshe was six years old.,(5). 若直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等动词时。如： She said, “We should help each other.”, She said we should help each other.,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the next month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,祈使句的直接引语和间接引语,Now would you please show me which of them are commands and which are requests in the following?1 Close the door!2 Would you please help me carry the case?3 Get me something to drink4 Could you please lend me 100 dollar ?5 Please turn off the lights.6 Dont smoke here7.Will you clean the blackboard?8 Clean the table please.,Sentence pattern for commands:Do/ Do not do.Sentence pattern for requests:Doplease./ Can you do?/ Could you do ?/ Will you do?/ Would you do? Will you do?/ Would you do?Then if we want to change them into indirect speech, we should do like this:Commands : sb. Told/ordered sb.(not) to do sthRequests : sb. Asked sb else (not) to do sth,CONCLUSIONS:,如果祈使句是表示请求，间接引语的动词常 用ask，如果是表示命令，间接引语的动词 常用tell, order, command等。,例如: 1.The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” ,The mother asked Tom to get up early.,2.The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”,The teacher told the students not to waste their time.,例如：He said, “Lets go to the film.“ He suggested going to the film. 或He suggested that they should go to see the film.,直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用 “suggest +动名词（或从句）,He said, “My sister was here for three days.”He said that_ sister _ _ _ _ three days. 2. She said ,”Ill go there tomorrow.”She said that _ _ go there _.,his,had been,there for,she would,the next day,练一练,3. She said, “Did you see him last night?”She _ me _ him _. 4. “When did you go to bed last night?” Father said to Peter.Father _ Peter _ _ the night _.,asked,if/whether I had seen,the night before,asked,when he went to,before,bed,Change these sentences into Indirect Speech.He said to me : “Dont smoke in this room.”He said to me : “Could you please help me with my work?”,EXERCISE:,Change the following sentences into Direct Speech.The landlady asked him to put his coat in the closet.The young father told his children not to move.Mother told me to lock the door after midnight.,Homework,Review the knowledge of direct speech and indirect speech and summarize the rules.,Thank you,