Part II,Part II Diction,Levels of Words,The Meaning of Words,General and Specific Words,Idioms,Figures of Speech,Dictionaries,Levels of Words,stylistic,formal,common,Informal (slang),P7,P8,P8,Compare the following sentences,After a double attempt to insert himself through the window, Michael conceded failure.After two tries at climbing in through, Michael gave up.,Words can be: roughly, formal, general, and slang in terms of style.,Formal words,Definition: Can be called learned words, or literary words, or “big” words. Usage: Formal writing. Feature: Three or more than three syllables. Examples: recognition / characteristically / elevated / monolithic / investigation / incipient / inclination / noncasual,Common words,Definition: those that people use every day, and appear in all kinks of writing.,The following clips are chosen from a Chinese movie. Watch and choose one of them to dub in English.,Clip 1:,Clip 2:,甲方乙方（1）,To learn,Common Or Formal ?,五彩缤纷的刘导：Director Liu from Multicolor 嘉宾：distinguished guest 中央电视台的春节晚会：CCTV Spring Festival Gala 普通人： a(n) ordinary/common person 签名：signature 影迷：fans 演艺圈：entertainment circle 是是非非：gossip 冷冷清清的过日子：live in peace 委托我们全权代理：authorize us to be your representative,More,甲方乙方（2）,To learn,我们就是吃这碗饭的：Thats just our work. 对售后服务进行摸底：ask sb. for feedback on afterservice 神通广大：powerful 起诉：sue sb. 名誉权：reputation right 三炒两炒把你炒红了：Youll become famous again withthose negative reports. 沾你的光：count on you 我也得吃饭：I have to survive. 特别走红：very hot,Idea Sharing,Common Or Formal ?,Informal / Slang words,They seldom appear in formal writing, and in literary works their main use is to record peoples thoughts and dialogues.Slang words are highly informal; they may be vivid and interesting, but they may, when used inappropriately, make the write or speaker sound offensive or funny.,P16-17,The violin virtuosos performance on the cello was a real bomb. The author has put a terrific lot into her book and she comes up with some pretty good ideas. She really goes to town over horror films. According to her these help you get rid of hang-ups as well as frighten the pants off you.,was a big failure,The author has made a lifetimes study of film history, and the knowledge she has accumulated is tempered by a fine sense of judgment. She devotes a whole chapter to an analysis of horror films. These films, according to her, do much more than just frighten us; they enable us to our worries.,The Meaning of Words,meaning,denotative,connotative,country,land,state,nation,An area of land and its population and government,People of a country,The government or political organization,Less precise but more literary and emotive than country,Stylistic level,Degree of emphasis,Emotional coloring,Collocation,Tone,Formal (Big)/ Informal (Small) Words EG:The communication between them is extremely hard to understand for a little kid. Their talk is nonsense.Compare: Big / Large,Stylistic level P17,P18 Classroom Activities,1. If there is an accident or incident that may be covered by this policy, notify us in writing as soon as possible. You can give this notice to any of our authorized agents. 2. wait for a second / withdraw / stop 3. 1) friends/ colleagues colloquial2) colleagues formal3) head of the department most formal,Emotional coloring Tone,Small / Little Small is objective, while little may imply a feeling of fondness. Modest / Humble Both indicate a lack of pride, but modesty is a virtue and humbleness is not. Humble often connotes undue self-depreciation.,Collocation,Habitually used with certain wordsA large/ big amount of money. A large/ big number of people. He is a man with large / great courage. I have big/ great confidence in myself.,Suggestions,1. Do not take the Chinese equivalent. 2. English words that may be translated into the same Chinese expression are not necessarily synonymous.,General and Specific Words,General Words are recapitulative. Specific Words are detailed.-help to make writing clear, exact, vivid, and striking, for they are more informative and expressive than general words. E.G. a good man - kind, honest, just, generous, sympathetic,brave, warm-hearted, selfless, honorable good food - tasty, delicious, nourishing, rich, wholesome, fresh, appetizing, abundant,Idioms,Definition - a fixed group of words with a special meaning which is different from the meaning of the words that from it. (none of the words can be changed to form another understandable phrase.) Function - natural and idiomatic 1. informal or colloquial in style, can be used in conversation; some should be used with care 2. clichs, no longer fresh or interesting. E.g P14,Figures of Speech,Simile,Metaphor,Personification,Metonymy,Synecdoche,Euphemism,Irony,Overstatement Understatement,Transferred Epithet,Oxymoron,Alliteration,Supplement,Simile,Definition - comparison between 2 distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like.E.G. O my loves like a red, red rose. That man cant be trusted. Hes as slippery as an eel. The old mans hair is as white as snow.,