汉英语言对比（2）,动态与静态,View of Lin Tongji (林同济),“ 动词对任何语言来讲，都是重要的，在汉语中尤为突出。展开一篇汉语作品，略与英语作品相较，我们马上可以发觉：前者的动词频率，往往远远超过后者。”“最堪注意的是汉语并没有把动词的高度频率视为负担。正相反，汉语的发展方向无疑是加强动词的优势。”eg. Hard pressed by his father, John told the truth in spite of his wifes warning.约翰被他老子追急了，也就顾不得老婆的叮嘱，说出了真情实事。,Two Reasons:,1) Lack of prepositions and no particles at all in Chinese. 2) Chronicle style in Chinese vs. Architectural style in English,Chinese language verb advantage in usageEnglish language noun advantage in usage,Dynamic vs. Stative,eg. He is a chain-smoker of cigarettes. (stative)He smokes cigarettes one after another. (dynamic)There are white clouds in the blue sky. (stative) White clouds are floating in the blue sky. (dynamic),English: noun advantagehigh frequency of noun usagestative narrationChinese: verb advantagehigh frequency of verb usagedynamic narration,Examples Analysis,In the cities there were strict curfews, empty hotels, abandoned streets and office buildings, looters, trigger-happy patrols, and all the rest. (War and Remembrance, by Herman Wouk) 各处城市都严格实行宵禁，饭店旅社都已人去楼空，大街小巷行人绝迹，办公大楼门可罗雀，歹徒趁火打劫，巡逻队动辄开枪杀人。完全是一派兵荒马乱景象。,Examples Analysis,Eisenhower later recalled, when McArthur felt slighted he was capable of expressing himself in “an explosive denunciation of politics, bad manners, bad judgment, broken promise, arrogance, unconstitutionality, insensitivity, and the way the world had gone to hell. (The Glory and the Dream, by William Manchester) 埃森豪威尔后来回忆往事时说，只要麦克阿瑟感到有人对他不够尊重，就“发起脾气来，破口大骂人家好耍权术，不懂礼貌，乱出主意，出尔反尔，目中无人，违反宪法，神经迟钝，麻木不仁，如今世道真是见鬼”等等。,Examples Analysis,夸奖一回，奉承一回，把老太太的心都说活了。（红楼梦） All their praise and flattery are having some effect on the old lady.,Examples Analysis,当时一个朋友对我说，北京戏最好，你不去见见世面吗？（社戏） A friend told me Beijing had the best opera that seeing it was an experience not to be missed.,Examples Analysis,他老是说谎。 他酷爱流行音乐。 他不抽烟，也不喝酒。 他演戏演得很棒。 他文章写得很好。 他经常参观博物馆。 他最会捣乱。 他很不合群。 他喜欢胡思乱想。,Examples Analysis,从秦代到清末的二千一百多年间，哈雷彗星出现二十七次，中国都有记录。 In the 2100 years from the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, Halley Comet appeared 27 times and they were all recorded in China. In the 2100 years from the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, the 27 appearances of Halley Comet were all recorded in China.,Examples Analysis,这充分说明，中国人独立自主的民族精神具有巨大的力量。 This fully testifies that the independent national spirit of the Chinese people has tremendous strength. This is a full testimony to the tremendous strength of the independent national spirit of the Chinese people.,Examples Analysis,扫除了这些障碍，中美关系就可以更好地发展，可以给双方带来更大的经济利益。 If these barriers are cleared away, Sino-US relations can be better developed, and both sides can get more economic benefits from it. Removal of these obstacles can lead to better development of Sino-US relations and more economic benefits for both sides.,Examples Analysis,中国幅员辽阔，自然资源丰富，廉价劳动力充裕，税收低，消费者市场不断增长，基础设施不断完善。 China boasts vast territory, abundant natural resources, rich inexpensive labour, low taxation, a growing consumer market and improving infrastructure.,Examples Analysis,我们不能不看到发展中国家与发达国家之间的经济差距在继续扩大，发展中国家的经济状况也很不平衡。 One cannot but notice the widening economic gap between the developing and developed countries and the general imbalance in the economic situation among the developing countries themselves.,Examples Analysis,当前国际经济关系中的一个重要特点是南北经济差距仍在扩大。发展问题也就是南北问题，它直接关系到世界和平与各国的稳定。 The present world economic relations can be characterized by the widening economic gap between the North and the South. The question of development is the question between the North and the South, which directly bears upon world peace and stability of each country. One of the crucial features in the current international economic relations lies in the expanding economic gap between the North and South. The question of development actually is the question between the North and South, which is directly associated with world peace and the stability of each country,Examples Analysis,随着本地区经济的蓬勃发展，亚太区域的经贸联系日益密切，经贸合作不断加强。 The booming regional economic development will lead to increasingly closer economic and trade ties as well as ever stronger cooperation in this regard in the Asia Pacific Region.,Examples Analysis,我们希望亚太各国密切合作，共同繁荣。 We hope to see closer cooperation and common prosperity of all countries in Asia-Pacific.,Examples Analysis,近年来，发展中国家的贸易条件更加恶化，出口收入锐减，生产投资萎缩，债务负担沉重，甚至连续多年出现资金从穷国向富国倒流的现象。 The recent years have seen worsening terms of trade, plummeting export earnings, dwindling production investment and heavy debt burdens. There has even been the reverse capital flow from poor to rich countries for many years running.,Examples Analysis,尽管中国与澳大利亚社会制度有差异，在某些问题上存在一些分歧，但只要双方本着互相尊重，彼此信任的精神，就能长期友好，平等合作，共同发展。 Despite the differences between China and Australia in social systems and views on some issues, the two countries can carry out long-term friendly and equal cooperation and seek common development as long as we start out from the spirit of mutual respect and trust.,