国外翻译理论著作选段汉译,第一节 第二节 第三节 第四节,第一节,81-85,Original 81:,In their work over the past twenty years, Susan Bassenett and Andr Lefevere have consistently built bridges within the field of translation studies and developed interdisciplinary connections to fields of study outside the discipline. In 1990, they were the first to suggest that translation studies take the cultural turn and look toward work of cultural studies scholars. In their new book Constructing Cultures, they present a strong case for moving the field of cultural studies closer to translation studies.,Original 81 (continued):,New strategies gleaned from translation histories, such as we see in Lefeveres discussion of Aeneid translations or Bassanetts discussion of Inferno translations that follow, not only give translators more insight into the actual practice of translation, but they also give cultural studies critics new insight into cultural manipulation by those in power.,Original 81 (continued):,Following Bassnett and Lefevere, translators have increasingly become more empowered and less self-effacing, a development that has allowed theorists to better view the process of mediating between cultures and /or of introducing different words, forms, cultural nuances, and meaning into their own respective cultures. (Bassnett and Lefevere, 2000: ix),1) Analysis of the original:,A) Grammatical analysis B) Stylistic analysis,A) Grammatical analysis:,(1) Sentence structure (2) Additional complication,(1) Sentence structure：,The selection consists of five sentences, of which the first is in a simple sentence; the second is a complex sentence, composed of a main clause and an object clause; the third is again a simple sentence; the fourth is a compound sentence, composed of two coordinate clauses, but the subject of the first coordinate clause has an attributive clause embedded; and the last is a simple sentence, followed by an appositive nominal phrase, in which there is an attributive clause embedded. For this reason, the fourth can be regarded as a compound complex sentence and the last can be regarded as a complex sentence.,(2) Additional complication：,The first three sentences each begin with a prepositional phrase; in the fourth sentence, the part after the first comma assumes a parenthetic structure; and the last sentence begins with a present participle phrase and it has a long appositive phrase at its end with an attributive clause embedded.,B) Stylistic analysis:,(1) Periodicity (2) Structural complication (3) Parallel structure (4) Cohesive device (5) Structural and lexical formality,(1) Periodicity：,All the five sentences are periodic in structure either for the beginning with prepositional or participle phrases or for the embedding of the parenthesis.,(2) Structural complication:,AS can be seen from the grammatical analysis and the analysis of the periodicity, of the five, four are either complex or compound complex sentences, and all the five sentences are periodic in structure. All this indicates that the selection is rather structurally complicated.,(3) Parallel structure：,In the selection, parallel structures are frequently used, for example, Susan Bassenett and Andr Lefevere; built bridges within the field of translation studies and developed interdisciplinary connections to fields of study outside the discipline; take the cultural turn and look toward work of cultural studies scholars; Lefeveres discussion of Aeneid translations or Bassanetts discussion of Inferno translations; not only give translators more insight into the actual practice of translation, but they also give cultural studies critics new insight into cultural manipulation; more empowered and less self-effacing; of mediating between cultures and /or of introducing different words, forms, cultural nuances, and meaning into their own respective cultures; and words, forms, cultural nuances, and meaning.,(4) Cohesive device：,In terms of cohesive device, examples could be found as follows: parallel structures are frequently used; Susan Bassenett and Andr Lefevere are repeated either singularly or in combination; the pronoun they is repeatedly used to refer to Susan Bassenett and Andr Lefevere; cultural turn and cultural studies are used in connection, with the latter repeated used; the field, interdisciplinary, field of study, disciple and translation studies are used either as synonyms or in contrast; translation and translators are repeatedly used in a related manner, and so on.,(5) Structural and lexical formality：,Structurally, the selection is formal in that the sentences the selection is composed of are grammatically complete and free from colloquial structures. Lexically, formal words, including nominalizations, are frequently used, for example, consistently, translation, develop, interdisciplinary, cultural, scholar, constructing, present, strategy, history, translator, practice, critics, insight, manipulation, increasingly, empower, and others.,2) Staged translation:,