The peritoneum and the abdominal organs 1 腹膜及腹腔脏器（1）,主讲：许杰华 E-mail: xujiehuamail.xjtu.edu.cn 西安交通大学医学院 人体解剖与组织胚胎学系,Outline 讲授大纲,概述Introduction 腹壁层次The layers of the abdominal wall 腹壁的重要局部 The important regions of abdominal wall 腹腔、腹膜及腹膜腔Abdominal cavity, peritoneum and peritoneal cavity 腹腔重要脏器局解The important organs of abdominal cavity胃； 肝脏；肝外胆道；肾脏,腹腔、腹膜和腹膜腔(Abdominal cavity, Peritoneum and Peritoneal cavity)基本概念： 腹腔 腹膜（壁腹膜和脏腹膜） 腹膜腔,The introduction of the peritoneum,DefinitionThe peritoneum is a thin serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and cover the organs within the two cavities,Subdivisions and peritoneal cavity Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜 lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities Visceral peritoneum 脏腹膜 covers the organs Peritoneal cavity 腹膜腔the potential space between the parietal and visceral layer of peritoneum.,Is there any organs inthe peritoneal cavity?,The peritonitis is very commonfor female!,For male, it is a closed sac.,But for female, there is a communication with the exterior through the uterine tubes, the uterus, and the vagina.,Function Secretes a lubricating serous fluid that continuously moistens the associated organs Support and protect viscus Semipermeable membrane (Peritoneal dialysis) Absorption,The relationship between viscera and peritoneum,Intraperitoneal viscera 腹膜内位器官viscera completely surrounded by peritoneum, example, stomach, superior part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, transverse and sigmoid colons, spleen and ovary Interperitoneal viscera 腹膜间位器官most part of viscera surrounded by peritoneum, example, liver, gallbladder, ascending and descending colons, upper part of rectum, urinary bladder and uterus Retroperitoneal viscera 腹膜外位器官some organs lie on the posterior abdominal wall and are covered by peritoneum on their anterior surfaces only, example, kidney, suprarenal gland, pancreas, descending and horizontal parts of duodenum, middle and lower parts of rectum, and ureter,Structures formed by peritoneum,Omentum 网膜The fold of peritoneum that extends from two curvatures of stomach to adjacent organs,Lesser omentum 小网膜 two-layered fold of peritoneum which extends from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach and superior part of duodenum.,Greater omentum 大网膜four-layered fold of peritoneum, the anterior two layers descend from the greater curvature of stomach and inferior part of duodenum and hangs down like an apron in front of coils of small intestine, and then turns upward and attaches to the transverse colon.,Mesenterium 系膜 two-layered fold of peritoneum that attach the abdominal or pelvic organs to the posterior abdominal wall.,mesenterium,Mesentery 肠系膜 suspends the small intestine from the posterior abdominal wall Broad and a fan-shaped Intestinal borderfolded, 5-7 m long Radix of mesentery 15 cm long Directed obliquely from left side of L2 to in front of right sacroiliac joint,Mesoappendix 阑尾系膜Triangular mesenteriumextends from terminal part of ileum to appendix Appendicular artery runs in free margin of the mesoappendix,Transverse mesocolon 横结肠系膜a double fold of peritoneum which connects the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall Sigmoid mesocolon 乙状结肠系膜inverted V-shaped, with apex located in front of left ureter and division of common iliac artery,Ligaments 韧带Ligaments of liver Falciform ligament of liver 镰状韧带 Consists of double peritoneal layer Extends from anterior abdominal wall (umbilicus) to live Free border of ligament has ligamentum teres,Coronary ligament 冠状韧带it is formed by the peritoneum between the diaphragm and the liver. There are left and right coronary ligament Left and right triangular ligaments 左、右三角韧带formed by the left and right extremity of coronary ligament ligament, respectively,Hepatogastric ligament 肝胃韧带 Hepatoduodenal ligament 肝十二指肠韧带 Extends from porta hepatis to superior part of duodenum Contains common bile duct, proper hepatic a. and hepatic portal v.,Ligaments of spleen Gastrosplenic ligament 胃脾韧带a double layer of peritoneum that connects the fundus of stomach to hilum of spleen. In this double layer of peritoneum, there are the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vessels Splenorenal ligament 脾肾韧带extends between the hilum of spleen and anterior aspect of left kidney. The splenic vessels lies within this ligament, as well as the tail of pancreas Phrenicosplenic ligament 膈脾韧带,Ligaments of stomach Hepatogastric ligament 肝胃韧带 Gastrosplenic ligament 胃脾韧带 Gastrophrenic ligament 胃膈韧带 Gastrocolic ligament 胃结肠韧带 Gastropancrestic ligament 胃胰韧带,Folds, recesses and fossa 皱襞、隐窝和窝,Superior duodenal fold and recess 十二指肠上襞和上隐窝 Inferior duodenal fold and recess 十二指肠下襞和下隐窝 Intersigmoid recess 乙状结肠间隐窝formed by the inverted V attachment of sigmoid mesocolon,Hepatorenal recess 肝肾隐窝lies between the right lobe of liver, right kidney, and right colic flexure, and is the lowest parts of the peritoneal cavity when the subject is supine,