2016 考研英语阅读文章精细分析2015 年 4 月份到来了，各位学子在新的学期应做好新规划，也就是说进入考研复习基础阶段的黄金时期，各位学子一定要抓住这段黄金期学技巧，学方法，逐步提高自己的英语基础水平。考研英语基础阶段的主要任务是攻克词汇和语法长难句。但是背单词是各位考生最为头疼的事情。与此同时，长难句由于缺乏语境也很难理解。面对此种情况，万学海文为各位学子推荐一种轻松记忆单词和长难句的好方法。在这个阶段，各位学子可以认真研读1994-2003 年的真题，从真题中汲取营养，攻克词汇和语法长难句。7 月份之前，如果各位考生能够将 10 年 47 篇文章做到精读，相信大家的词汇和语法长难句一定会有大的突破，并且为强化阶段的学习奠定坚实的基础。基础阶段精读复习方法及步骤：1 快速浏览选项，把握文章主题2 精读各段落，攻克词汇和语法长难句3 作答题目，理解文章含义4 翻译全文，再次巩固复习词汇和语法长难句下面我们为各位学子精细分析 1994 年 Text4“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade well know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “Some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.” This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺).With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes (基因), are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous. The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Haywar. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We cant prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.” The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”13. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to_.A predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decadeB indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are brightC prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty yearsD warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered14. The author implies that by the year 2000, _. A there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients B 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living C the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers D there won t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients 15. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes_. A that are always in operation in a healthy person B which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated C that can be driven out of normal cells D which normal cells can t turn off 16. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means_. A dead B ever-present C inactive D potential 一、快速浏览选项，把握文章主题根据题干及选项中出现的 “cancer”, “cancer patients” 和“cancer-causing genes”,可知，本文是一篇关于医学上癌症治疗的发展状况的科普文章。二、精读各段落，攻克词汇和语法长难句词汇精解（1）in vast detail 非常详尽地； vast (a.)辽阔的，巨大的，大量的；detail (n.)细节，详情；in detail 详细地（2）microbiologist (n.) 微生物学家，micro- 前缀表示 “微小的，微观的” ，如：microeconomics 微观经济学（3）caution (n.) 警告，告诫，小心，谨慎；（ v.）警告，告诫； cautious (a.)小心的，谨慎的， of（4）infection (n.) 感染，传染；infect (v.) infectious (a.)（5）statistics (n.) 统计资料，统计（学） ，survival 存活人数的统计；statistical (a.)统计的，统计学的（6）variety (n.) 品种，多种多样， a of 各种，种种（7）prepare against 为防止而准备（8） counteract (v.) 对抗，抵制，中和；counter-前缀表示 “反”， “逆”，如：counter-clockwise (a./ad.)逆时针方向长难句精解The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells.该句主句是 The researchers made great progress, 后面修饰成分是从句中套从句。先是 when 引导的定语从句修饰时间状语中的 the early 1970s，然后是 that 引导的宾语从句oncogenes are inactive in normal cells，最后是 which 引导的非限定性从句修饰oncogenes。译文：研究者在 70 年代取得了很大的进展。当时他们发现致癌基因，即那些可以引起癌症的基因，在正常细胞中是不活动的。Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.此句 but 后为省略句，补全后为 but how they may activate a dormant oncogene remains unknown.译文：从宇宙射线到辐射到日常饮食，任何东西都有可能激活处于沉寂状态的致癌基因，但是如何激活则不为人所知。The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.该句是 but 连接的复合句，后一分句中 likelihood 是主语，在主语后是同位语从句对它的解释；suggests 为谓语。其中 likelihood 的意思是：可能