传出神经系统药理学概论 Overview of neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia,Classification： 1Anatomy （1）Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic nerve;parasympathetic nerve （2）Somatic motor nervous system,Overview of neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia,2Transmittors： （1）Cholinergic nerveAcetylcholine （2）Noradrenergic nerveNoradrenaline （3）Enteric nervous system，ENS细胞体位于肠壁的壁内丛。涉及多神经肽和其他递质，如5-羟色胺（5-HT）、一氧化氮（NO）、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）、P物质（SP）和神经肽（NP）。,小肠神经系统（ENS）环路的高度简化图 LM: 纵行肌肉层MP: 肠肌丛 CM: 环行肌肉层 SMP: 粘膜下丛,Transmitter and receptor：synapse：junction，运动终板 突触前膜;突触后膜; synaptic cleft，151000nm,1. Synthesis and storage of transmitters（1）Noradrenaline，NA or Norepinephrin, NE,NA能N末梢递质合成、贮存、释放、代谢A: 钠依赖性载体B: 单胺转运载体P: 多肽,（2）Acetylcholine，ACh,胆碱能N末梢递质合成、贮存、释放和代谢AcCoA: 乙酰辅酶AChAc: 胆碱乙酰化酶，A: 钠依赖性载体B: 乙酰胆碱载体P: 多肽,2 Transduction of nerve impulse and disappear of transmitters （1）Transduction： Ca2+ influx Exocytosis Release： Quantal release Others 后膜受体 前膜受体,（2）Disappear of transmitters Ach: Acetylcholinesterase AChE NA： uptake 1uptake 2,3Classification of receptors （1）Acetylcholine receptors Muscarine receptor:M1-5 Nicotine receptor:NM receptor: nicotinic muscleNN receptor: nicotinic neuron （2）Adrenoceptors receptor：1 and2 receptor：1、2 and3,5Biochemical process （1） N cholinoceptor Ligand gated ion channel receptor，regulate Na+、K+、Ca2+ flux.,（2）M cholinoceptor Superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors） Activate PLC (phospholipase C) Inhibit AC Activate K+ or inhibit Ca2+ channels （3）Adrenoceptors 1 R activate PLC, D, A2 2 R inhibit AC R activate AC,三、Action manners and classification of drugs 1Action manners： （1）Direct: Agonist Blocker; Antagonist （2）Indirect: Affect release : ephedrine; metaraminol; carbacholine Affect transport and storage: reserpine Affect transformation: anticholinesterase agents,