Anti-Infection Immunity 抗感染免疫,Outline,Mechanism of specific immunity and non-specific immunity Antibacterial immunity Antiviral immunity,Nonspecific immunitySpecific immunity,( Innate immunity),( Acquired immunity),Innate Immunity & Acquired immunity,Nonspecific Immunity,Barrier structure,Macrophage,Anti-bacterial substance in serum and body fluid,Natural Killer Cell,Specific Immunity,Mucosal immune system (MIS),Mechanism of anti-infection immunity,Use other microbes as guard-dogs that kill intruders,These are listed first because they are on the outside of the body, and thus form the first line of defense.,Microbes,Phagocytosis, phagocytes,*neutrophil *mononuclear phagocyte system, process and mechanism, outcome,*complete phagocytosis *incomplete phagocytosis *tissue damage,Neutrophil,Monocyte,Marcrophages,中性粒细胞吞噬脑膜炎奈瑟菌,Step One: Chemotaxis,Step Two: Contact,Step Three: Phagocytosis/ Pinocytosis,Step Four: Digest & Dissolution,Oxygen Dependent,ROI & RNI,Myeloperoxidase, MPO,Oxygen Independent,Acid,Lysosome and other enzymes,NK细胞,自然杀伤细胞，存在于外周血和脾脏中，因含嗜天青颗粒，又称大颗粒淋巴细胞。颗粒内主要含穿孔素和颗粒酶主要通过ADCC作用杀伤靶细胞,*release killer mediator perforin(穿孔素) necrosis granzyme(颗粒酶) apoptosis TNF necrosis/apoptosis *mediate ADCC, Recognition and activation Kill target cells,(1) non-specific, Ab independent, non-MHC restriction,(2) Mechanism of killing target cell, T cell,分布：粘膜和上皮组织（外周血含量少） CD4-CD8- 抗原识别谱： 位于不同组织中的 T细胞表达不同特异性的 TCR ，具有不同的抗原识别特性； 同一部位组织的 T具有相同的抗原识别特性，仅对同一抗原产生应答,多聚C9形成的膜攻击复合物,MAC的电镜结果,补体诱导的细胞膜穿孔损伤,G G G Go o o o M M M Mo b o b o b o bG G G Go o o oM M M Mo b o b o b o bG G G Go o o oM M M M,a a a a,c c c c d d d d,a a a a,c c c c d d d d,x x x x x,x x x x x,x x x x x,x x x x x,x x x x x,x x x x x,N-乙酰葡萄糖胺,-1,4糖苷键,N-乙酰胞壁酸,四肽侧链,甘氨酸五肽 (五肽交联桥),金黄色葡萄球菌细胞壁肽聚糖结构示意图,溶菌酶作用点,聚糖骨架,Interferon (IFN), definition,干扰素是由病毒或其他干扰素诱生剂刺激机体多种细胞所产生的一种具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤和免疫调节等多种生物学活性的糖蛋白, types and properties,binds to surface receptor of neighboring cells, Mechanism of antiviral activity,the synthesis of antiviral protein(AVP),induce,IFN,by blocking the translation of viral proteins,inhibit the replicationof viruses,AVP : 2-5 A synthetase ( 2-5 A 合成酶) protein kinase R(蛋白激酶,PKR) phosphodiesterase (磷酸二脂酶),(degrade viral mRNA),(inhibit translation of viral protein),(inactivate initiation factorof protein-synthesis), Feature of antiviral activity,inhibit replication of a varietyof viruses only inhibit replication of virusspecies-specific,i.e. broad spectrum(广谱)/non-specific,(not kill directly virus),the bodys first-line defense against viral infection,Action of IFN in antitumorand immunoregulation,Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMP Pattern recognition receptors, PRRToll-like receptors, TLR,Pathogen-associated molecular patterns,CHALLENGE: How can the host discriminate large numbers of diverse pathogens from each other &/or from self using a restricted number of receptors? SOLUTION: All multicellular organisms are able to recognize and eliminate pathogens Despite their extreme heterogeneity, pathogens share highly conserved molecules, called “pathogen-associated molecular patterns” (PAMPs),2.Mechanism of specific immunity,(对特异性抗原产生的应答,并获得特异免疫功能),(also called adaptive immunity),Mucosal immunity Humoral immunity(HI) Cell-mediated immunity (CMI),Mucosal immunity, Unencapsulated subepithelial lymphoid found in the gastrointestinal, respiratory and urogenital tracts, Function,*secrete SIgA *take part in local immune response and systemic immune response,( i.e. local immunity ),(such as GALT,BALT, tonsil),physical barriers like castle walls, fences and palisades.,Mucosal immune system are not only physical barriers but also might be the hunting grounds of probiotic organisms.,Skin, membranes and MIS,DCs function in mucosal immunity,Immature DC distribute widely in mucous membrane Play as a bridge connecting the non-specific immune response and specific immune response Interaction between CD and SIgA,T cell,effector T cell,CD4+Th1 CD8+T(CTL),Tm,B cell,plasma cell,Ab,Bm,HI,Ag,CMI,Th2 (CK),specific immunity: specific and memory,Humoral immunity(HI), effector molecule effect,antibody,Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) or cellular immunity,