Pediatric Acute Renal Failure: CRRT/Dialysis Outcome Studies,Stuart L. Goldstein, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine,Pediatric Acute Renal Failure: Ideal Study Design,Prospective protocol driven entry criteria to ensure that patients and their respective disease receive similar treatment Control for severity of illness, primary and co-morbid diseases Adequate power to detect effect of an intervention on or an association of a clinical variable with outcome,Pediatric Acute Renal Failure: Ideal Study Design,Prospective protocol driven entry criteria to ensure that patients and their respective disease receive similar treatment - Do not exist! Control for severity of illness, primary and co-morbid diseases - Some information Adequate power to detect effect of an intervention on or an association of a clinical variable with outcome - Do not exist!,Renal Replacement Therapy in the PICU: Pediatric Outcome Literature,Few pediatric studies (all single center) use a severity of illness measure to evaluate outcomes in pCRRT: Lane noted that mortality was greater after bone marrow transplant who had 10% fluid overload at the time of HD initiation Smoyer2 found higher mortality in patients on pressors. Faragson3 found PRISM to be a poor outcome predictor in patients treated with HD Zobel4 demonstrated that children who received CRRT with worse illness severity by PRISM score had increased mortality Did not stratify by modality,1. Bone Marrow Transplant 13:613-7, 1994 2. JASN 6:1401-9, 1995 3. Pediatr Nephrol 7:703-7, 1994 4. Child Nephrol Urol 10:14-7, 1990,Renal Replacement Therapy in the PICU Pediatric Outcome Literature,122 children studied No PRISM scores Most common diagnosis IHD: primary renal failure CRRT: sepsis 31% survival Conclusion: patients who receive CRRT are more ill,Maxvold NJ et al: Am J Kidney Dis 1997 Nov;30(5 Suppl 4):S84-8,Pediatric ARF: IHD and CRRT,Bunchman TE et al: Ped Neph 16:1067-1071, 2001,Pediatric ARF: Disease and Survival,Bunchman TE et al: Ped Neph 16:1067-1071, 2001,Pediatric ARF: Modality and Survival,% Survival,Bunchman TE et al: Ped Neph 16:1067-1071, 2001,P0.01,P0.01,Pediatric ARF: Modality and Survival,Patient survival on pressors (35%) lower than without pressors (89%) (p10) on admission to the PICU have been associated with poorer prognosis. The mean PRISM score at admission to the Texas Childrens Hospital PICU is 14.,RESULTS,22 pt (12 male/10 female) received 23 courses (3028 hrs) of CVVH (n=10) or CVVHD (n=12) over study period. Overall survival was 41% (9/22). Survival in septic patients was 45% (5/11). PRISM scores at ICU admission and CVVH initiation were 13.5 +/- 5.7 and 15.7 +/- 9.0, respectively (p=NS). Conditions leading to CVVH (D) Sepsis (11) Cardiogenic shock (4) Hypovolemic ATN (2) End Stage Heart Disease (2) Hepatic necrosis, viral pneumonia, bowel obstruction and End-Stage Lung Disease (1 each),Goldstein SL et al: Pediatrics 2001 Jun;107(6):1309-12,Renal Replacement Therapy in the PICU Pediatric Literature,Survival curve demonstrates that nearly 75% of deaths occurred less than 25 days into the ICU course,Goldstein SL et al: Pediatrics 2001 Jun;107(6):1309-12,Renal Replacement Therapy in the PICU Pediatric Literature,Lesser % FO at CVVH (D) initiation was associated with improved outcome (p=0.03) Lesser % FO at CVVH (D) initiation was also associated with improved outcome when sample was adjusted for severity of illness (p=0.03; multiple regression analysis),