写作,如何写议论文（重要）！,After-6. writing -1,Writing Practice,Persuasion / Argumentation,The purpose of persuasion or argumentation is to convince readers that a particular opinion or point of view is the right one. It is to persuade someone to think something, to feel something or to do something that they might not have thought, felt, or done before. Ways of reasoning are usually used in argumentation. They are Inductive Reasoning （归纳推理法）and Deductive Reasoning （演绎推理法）.,1. Explanation,After-6. writing -1.1,Inductive Reasoning is the more common way. When you use induction, you start with facts and proceed from facts to general conclusion. In other words, you move from specific example to a general statement. Example: Fact 1. Each member of the family has a bad cough for weeks after they moved to the new house. Fact 2. Some other people living in this building have also suffered from cough. Fact 3. This building has been newly decorated. Conclusion: The decoration material must contain some pollutants.,After-6. writing -1.2,Deductive Reasoning is just the opposite of inductive reasoningit moves from a general statement to a specific conclusion. Example: Well-known concept: Polluting decoration material does harm to peoples health. Fact 1. Each member of family has a bad cough for weeks after they moved to the new house. Fact 2. Some other people living in this building have also suffered from cough. Fact 3. This building has been newly decorated. Conclusion: The decoration material must contain some pollutants.,After-6. writing -2,Does Lottery Really Bring Us Luck?,Nowadays, many people are enthusiastic about buying all kinds of lottery tickets. The purpose of them is to realize their dreams of becoming rich. However, some people dont agree on this activity. They think trying luck on lottery is harmful. They believe that such practice is likely to make people expect good luck rather than hard work to achieve their goals. (In the first paragraph, the author presents us two points of view about buying lottery by using “However”.),2. Sample,Writing Practice,After-6. writing -2.1,I believe that it is a meaningful thing. It does more good than harm to our society. First, the money collected can be used to help the poor and the needed. Second, the accumulated money will be helpful to promote our welfare and make contribution to the whole society. Moreover, if you are lucky enough, you may be rewarded. (The author puts forward his own opinion and lists the reasons as well.) So I favor lottery tickets. If I have some spare money, Ill buy them. (Conclusion.),Writing Practice,After-6. writing -3,3. Homework Write an essay based on the title and outlines given below, using inductive or deductive reasoning.,Title: Outlines: 目前我国沙尘暴越来越严重 造成这一现象的原因 如何解决这一问题,1) 2) 3),Sandstorms,Writing Practice,After-6. writing -3.1,After-6. writing -3.2,Sandstorms are getting more and more serious in some regions in the northern parts of China, esp. in spring. As the suffusing dust blocks out the sky, covering cities in dust, the storms bring much inconvenience and trouble to peoples daily life and work, and even claim some lives in some serious regions. However, it arouses the concern of the whole nation. Naturally, there are many factors that cause this abnormal climate. (1) To begin with, the encroachment of the desert in Inner Mongolia should take the main blame for the storms. (2) Besides, the continuous high temperature and little rain should also be heavily responsible for the high frequency of storms.,After-6. writing -3.3,(3) However, we shouldnt only blame nature for the sandstorms, because, to some extent, human beings should bear partial responsibility for this phenomenon. Theres no denying that its our destruction of vegetation and protective forests that makes the north-wind kick up the loose soil so easily, and thus form the storms. However, as a coin has two sides, the storms well sound the ecological alarm and should be regarded as sand penalty to man. In a word, the haunt of the storms repeatedly warns us that its high time we made laws to protect our ecological environment, restored the vegetation and planted more protective forests and took what ever effective measures to stop the rampant storms and restore our ecological environment.,