Module 1B2,Select and Understand Fastener Applications and Repair Procedures,Fastener Identification Machine and Sheetmetal Screws (18),Hex head Oval head Round head Flat head Pan head Hex head Torx head,Slotted head sheetmetal screws Phillips head sheetmetal screws Self tapping sheetmetal screws Pozidriv Screws,Fastener Identification Nuts (18),Hex Square Wing Self-locking Slotted lock nut Castle Lug,Pal J-nut Pop-in nylon Cage,Fastener Identification Washers (18),Flat Lock External tooth Internal tooth Wave Finishing,Fastener Identification Retainer Rings (18),Internal External E-clip,Fastener Identification Keys (18),Square Woodruff,Fastener Identification Hose Clamps (18),Screw clamp Wire clamp Crimp clamp,Fastener Identification Rivets (18),Pop rivets Plastic self-locking Threaded nut,Fastener Identification Pins (18),Cotter Clevis Roll Hair pin Hair pin clevis,Fastener Identification Speed Nuts and Clips (18),Flat type Push-on type J-type Tinnerman type Barrel clips,Fastener Identification Line Fittings (19),Compression Straight Long nut Flare union Flare elbow Tee union Inverted flare,Fastener Identification Pipe Fittings (19),Hex head plug Bushing Nipple Elbow,Fastener Identification Clips (19),Nylon door trim panel Wire door trim panel Inside door handle retaining Interior garnish molding Reveal molding Metal exterior molding Nylon & plastic exterior molding,Fastener Identification Hood Stops (19),Nut Bolt,Fastener Identification Headlamp Fasteners (19),Adjusting screw Retaining springs,Fastener Grades & Thread Pitch Replacing Fasteners (20),Always reinstall fasteners in same place Use equal size and strength for replacement Lower strength will cause weakness,Fastener Grades & Thread Pitch SAE Grades (20),Number of slashes on head indicates strength Add 2 to the number of slashes to determine grade 0 slashes = grade 1 or 2 3 slashes = grade 5 6 slashes = grade 8,Fastener Grades & Thread Pitch Metric Grading (20),Number on head indicates strength Range is 4.6 to 10.9 Higher the number, the greater the strength,Fastener Grades & Thread Pitch Thread Pitch (21),Measurement of threads on a fastener Measured with a thread pitch gauge,Fastener Grades & Thread Pitch SAE Thread Pitch (21),Threads per inch Measured with a ruler or thread pitch gauge,Fastener Grades & Thread Pitch Metric Thread Pitch (21),Distance (in millimeters) between 2 adjacent threads,Measuring Fastener Length & Diameter Measuring Length (22),Most are measured from the base of head to the end of thread Tapered heads are measured from end to end,Measuring Fastener Length & Diameter Measuring Diameter (22),Measured to outside of threads Gauges are available to measure diameter,Torquing Fasteners Measurements (23),Foot pounds (Ft/Lbs) Inch pounds (In/Lbs) 12 In/Lbs in a Ft/Lb Newton meters (N/M) Kilogram meters (Kg/M),Torquing Fasteners Wrenches (23),Needle type Digital Click type Do not use impact guns in place of a torque wrench,Torquing Fasteners Specifications (23),Found in service manuals Prevents bolt breakage or under-torque May require a specific sequence Lug nuts Air bag modules ABS wheel sensors Wheel bearings Use torque chart when specific values are not available,Torquing Lug Nuts Torque Measurements (24),Vary between vehicle makers Differ for front and rear wheel drive Differ for wheel types,Torquing Lug Nuts Other Concerns (24),Directional tires and wheels Offset wheels Mark wheels and lug nuts to location if balanced on vehicle,One-Time Fasteners (25),Used on suspension & drivetrain parts Must be replaced if loosened or removed Retorquing may cause bolt to break,One-Time Fasteners Identifying (25),Look in service manuals for identification If new parts come with replacement bolts, use new bolts,Attaching Parts With Dissimilar Metals Galvanic Corrosion (26),Caused by chemical reaction when 2 different types of metal are in contact with each other The more chemically reactive metal will corrode,Attaching Parts With Dissimilar Metals Preventing Galvanic Corrosion (26),Drill all holes before applying primers Use washers/gaskets between parts Use all parts included in replacement kits Apply corrosion resistant coatings Copy original installation,Attaching Parts With Dissimilar Metals Installing Aluminum Panels (26),Use only designated fasteners Must have protective coating DACRO coating Gray in color Provides corrosion resistance Double coated, double baked,Attaching Parts With Dissimilar Metals Installing Aluminum Panels (26),TORQUER coating Added to DACRO coating Found on threaded sections Inspect coating before installation Replace fasteners if coating is damaged,Attaching Parts With Dissimilar Metals Installing Aluminum Panels (27),Some manufacturers use insulating washers to insulate from steel structure Use torque wrench to prevent washer damage,Removing Broken Bolts & Studs Tools and Equipment (28),Hammer Cold chisel Screw extractors,Removing Broken Bolts & Studs Cold Chisel Method (28),