一、44个常见介词的基本用法,介词短语=介词+名词 基本介词 +单名词 合成介词 +多名词 双介词 +名词性从句,1、about 基本含义：a-b-out “A在B外面”,1、在周围：The kids are sitting about their teacher. I like the necklace about her throat. 2、环绕：The bird always flies about the forest. I plan to travel about the world. 3、关于：a book about English study They are talking about the new film. 4、adv 大约 固定搭配： 1、How about.? 2、something+adj+about X 一些关于X的adj的事,2、above 基本含义：a-b-over “A在B上方”,引申含义： 1、在上方:The sun rose above the horizon. 2、数目大于/重量超过/价格（能力、地位）高于 There is nothing in the store above 50 cents. “He who comes after me is above me ,because he was before me” 固定搭配： 1、above all: 首先（强调重要性） Above all, he was an outstanding mathematician. 2、above all things: 最最 What you need, above all things, is confidence. 3、be above oneself: 兴高采烈=high spirit When he heard the good news, he was above himself.,3、across 基本含义：a-grass “A走过一片草坪,引申含义： 1、穿过：She walked across the road. 2、在.对面: The bar is just across the street. 3、交叉：He sat with his arms across his chest. The two lines pass across each other at right angles. 固定搭配： 1、A come across B. A偶遇B。 I came across Yu Minhong the other day. 2、A ger sth across to B. A使某物被B了解。 I want to get my theory across to all students.,4、after 基本含义：“A在B之后” （强调顺序）,1、在之后 （时间顺序、空间顺序） After dinner, they went out for a walk. I should after him, but he still went on. 2、照着的样子 Read the sentence after me, please. The building is named after the famous hero. 固定搭配： 1、be after寻找/go after 追逐/run after 追求 You should run after your own dream. 2、after all不管怎样 （即：在任何事情之后都一样） After all, he is your father. 3、look after照顾,5、against 基本含义：a-g-e“相对”,1、碰着、靠着：She was leaning against a tree. 2、反对：We should fight against crimes. 3、预防：Save money against a rainy day.未雨绸缪 固定搭配： 1、go against 违反（故意违反某人的意志） He chose to go against his family. 2、be against （1）违反（违反法律、制度） It is against the law to hunt tigers. (2)反对 Lincoln was strongly against slavery. （3）不利于 What he said is against him.,6、around 基本含义：a-round”A在一个圆里面”（在一定范围内）,1、在周围:There are many bars around the towm. 2、在附近、到处：I showed him around our campus. 3、【adv】大约： There are around 1000 people watching the game.,7、at 基本含义:“朝向一点”,1、小地点,或小时间点 Usually, he is at his office in the morning. I arrived at home at 7:00. Knock at;look at;aim at;shoot at;arrive at 2、表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因 He showed no sign of pleasure at seeing her. Be surprised/excited at,8、before 基本含义：“在之前“（时间、空间、顺序）,1、时间上：Please come back before 10:00pm. 2、空间上：Dont put the cart before the horse. 3、顺序上：Health should come before wealth. 固定搭配： 1、before long不久后 2、before time:提前,9、behind 基本含义：be + hide “在之后“,1、空间上，在后面: A dog is running behind us. 2、在后台操纵：There must be someone behind it. 3、时间上，在之后；能力上，在之后; New York is 12 hours behind Beijing in time. He was behind others in ability.,10、beside 基本含义：be+side “在边上”,引申含义： 1、在.旁边=next to; by the side of a town beside the sea She sat beside the teacher. 2、与.相比=compared with My work is so poor beside yours. 固定搭配：beside oneself 高兴（悲伤）的不得了、忘形,11、besides 基本含义：“除外，还有”,There were 2 other students in the classroom besides Tom.,12、between 基本含义：be-two-in“在两者之间”,1、空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间： Between two strange buildings stands a tree. His age is between sixty and seventy. 2、表示两者之间的某种关系 He has to decide between life and death. This is a secret between life and death（仅在我们俩之间）.you should learn between lines（字里行间）.,13、beyond 基本意思：be+yond（在彼处）=在之外,1、“在远处、在的那一边” What lies beyond my reach. 2、“超出的限度”（能力认识） The fruit was beyond my reach. 3、“除了” I cant tell you anything beyond what you already know. 固定搭配： 1、beyond words无法形容 2、beyond understanding难以理解 3、beyond cure无可救药 4、beyond endurance无法忍受,14、by 基本意思：by后面的名词很重要,1、在旁边 We prefer a table by the window. 2、到时候 We have studied several prepositions by now. I shall have finished the work by the time you return. 3、通过;根据; He can tell the direction by the stars. Dont judge a person by his looks. 4、按计算 Eggs are usually sold by dozen. The temperature has risen by 5 degrees. 5、被；He was shocked by what he had seen.,固定搭配： 1、by accident/chance偶然 2、by all means想尽一切办法、一定要 3、by no means绝不、一点儿也不 4、by turns轮流 5、by mistake出于误会,5、despite 基本意思：尽管、不顾=in spite of The old professor kept on working despite his poor health.,16、down 基本意思：向下,引申含义： 1、表示自上而下 In order to catch the bus they run down the hill. Tears run down her face quietly. 2、沿着河、沿着路 He walked down the road. We sailed down the river. 固定搭配 副词 Sth break down坏了 Let sb down 令某人失望,17、during 基本意思：在期间,1、在整个期间 Not a word did they say during the meal. I havent had any meat during the last several years. 2、在期间的某个时刻 I saw Linda during the meeting.,18、except 基本意思：ex-cept拿出来,Everyone was here except Tom. 【注意】 besides表示“加”，except表示“减”,19、for 基本意思：“为”,1、为了 I bought a gift for you. He played football for England. 2、因为 Bejing is famous for its long history. I thank you for what you have done for me. 3、作为 I had some chocolate for breakfast. 4、表示时间、距离的长短 I havent seen you for years. For miles and miles you see nothing but trees.,固定搭配： long for; thirst for 渴望 for the moment; for the present 现在、此刻 for the sake of 为了 I bear all this for the sake of my work. for my part 对我而言 for fear of 唯恐./以防. for pleasure; for fun 为了消遣 for sale 出售,