7 网络空间：如果你不喜欢它，就离开它网络空间：如果你不喜欢它，就离开它Something in the American psyche loves new frontiers. we hanker after wide-open spaces; we like to explore; we like to make rules but refuse to follow them. But in this age its hard to find a place where you can go and be yourself without worrying about the neighbors.在灵魂深处，美国人喜欢新的疆界。我们渴望广阔的空间；我们喜欢探索；我们新欢制定规则。然而在现在这个时代，政治正确（言行避免有歧视之嫌）和其他束缚正在侵犯我们国民所崇尚的独立精神，你很难可以找到一个可以去放松自己而不担心邻居打扰的地方。1.There is such a place: cyberspace.lost in the furor over porn on the net is the exhilarating sense of freedom that this new frontier once promised-and still does in some quarters. Formerly a playground for computer nerds and techies, cyberspace now embraces every conceivable constituency: schoolchildren, flirtatious singles, Hungarian-Americans, accountants. Can they all get along? Or will our fear of kids surfing for dirty pictures behind their bedroom doors provoke a crackdown?网络空间就是这样一个地方。被淹没在公众对网络色情的激愤之中的事这个新疆界曾经能并且在一些群体中依然能带给人们的一种激动人心的自由感觉。从前，网络空间是计算机爱好者和精通者的天地，而如今各种各样你可以想象的到得人都加入到进来，比如在校学生、打情骂俏的单身汉、匈牙利以美国人、会计师、还有色情爱好者。他们能和睦相处吗？或者说，我们对于孩子们躲在自己卧室里浏览色情网页的担忧会不会引发政府严厉打击网络色情？2.The first order of business is to grasp what cyberspace is. It might help to leave behind metaphors of highways and frontiers and to think instead of real estate. Real estate, remember, is an intellectual, legal, artificial environment constructed on top of land. Real estate recognizes the difference between parkland and shopping mall, between red-light zone and school district, between church , state and drugstore.首先的任务是要弄明白什么是网络空间。或者，抛开高速公路和疆界这样的比喻，而把它看作是房屋土地财产会对我们理解网络空间有所帮助。记住，房屋土地财产是构建在陆地上的、理性的、合法的、人造的环境。房屋土地财产承认公园用地与购物商场的区别，承认红灯区与学校区的区别，承认教堂、政府、与药店的区别。3.In the same way, you could think of cyberspace as a giant and unbounded world of virtual real estate. Some property is privately owned and rented out; other property is common land; some places are suitable for children, and others are best avoided by all citizens. Unfortunately, its those places that are now capturing the popular imagination, places that offer bomb-making instructions, pornography, advice on how to steal credit cards. They make cyberspace sound like a nasty place. Good citizens jump to a conclusion: better regulate it.同样，你可以把网络空间想象成一个由虚拟房屋土地财产构成的巨大无限的世界。一些财产为个人所有，并对外出租；一些财产属于公共用地；一些场所适合于儿童；而剩下的除了最怪癖的市民，大家最好都远远的避开的地方。不幸的是，当前正是这些地方正在激发人们的想象，比如提供炸弹制造的地方、提供色情内容的地方以及提供被盗信用卡方法的地方。它们让网络空间听起来像一个污秽的场所。善良的公民于是得出这样的结论：最好管理一下网络空间。6.Aside from being unconstitutional, using censorship to counter indecency and other troubling” speech” fundamentally misinterprets the nature of cyberspace. Cyberspace isnt a frontier where wicked people can grab unsuspecting children, nor is it a giant television system that can beam offensive messages at unwilling viewers. In the kind of real estate, users have to choose where they visit, what they see, what they do. Its optional.and its much easier to bypass a place on the net than it is to avoid walking past an unsavory block of stores on the way to your local 7-11. 无论颁布多少法令，进行多少诉讼，法规管理都不会奏效。通过审查制度来抵制网络上的下流内容和其他制造麻烦的言论，不仅违反宪法，而且从根本上曲解了网络空间的本质网络空间不是坏人可以抓走毫无戒备的儿童的疆界地带，也不是可以将冒犯性信息强加给不乐意接受的观众的庞大电视体系。在这类房屋土地财产中，用户必须选择它们要访问哪里，他们要看什么，和他们要做什么。用户可以选择避开网上的某个地方，而且与去附近便利店的路上避开一个有许多讨厌商店的街区相比，这要容易的多。7.Put plainly, cyberspace is a voluntary destination -in reality, many destinations. You dont just get “onto the net ”; you have to go someplace in particular. That means that people can choose where to go and what to see. Yes, community standards should be enforced, but those standards should be set by cyberspace communities themselves, not by the courts or by politicians in Washington.what we need isnt government control over all these electronic communities:we need self-rule.简单地说，网络空间是一个可供自由选择的目的地实际上，是可供自由选择的很多目的地。你并不仅仅是“上网” ，而且你必须要到某个地方去。也就是说人可以选择要去哪里，看什么。是的，社区行为规范必须执行，但是这些行为规范应该由网络社区自己制定，而不是由法院或者华盛顿的政客们来制定。我们需要的不是政府对网络社区的管理，我们需要的是自制。10.Second, there are information and entertainment services, where people can download anything from legal texts and lists of “great new restaurants” to game software or dirty pictures. These places are like bookstores, malls and movie houses-places where you go to buy something. The customer needs to request an item or sign up for a subscription; stuff(especially pornography) is not sent out to people who dont ask for it. Some of these services are free or included as part of a broader service like compuserve or America online; others charge and may bill their customers directly.第二，网络空间提供信息和娱乐服务，人们可以下载从法律文书、声誉良好的新饭店名单到游戏软件、淫秽图片的任何东西.这些场所类似于你可以去买东西的地方，比如书店、购物中心和电影院。客户需要提出购买某个商品，或者签约订阅某种刊物。否则，任何物品（尤其是色情信息）是不会被发送给他们的，这些服务有些是免费的，或是包含在像美联网和美国在线所提供的广泛服务之中，有些是收费的，可以直接开列账单要求顾客付账。11.Third, there are “real ” communities-groups of people who communicate among themselves. In real-estate terms, theyre like bars or restaurants or bathhouses. Each active participant contributes to a general conversation, generally through posted messages. Other participants may simply listen or watch some services are supe