浅析工程机械冬季维护保养摘要：针对工程机械在冬季的特殊气温和环境条件下，经常发生故障，从而导致延误工程进度，甚至给施工方带来巨大损失的现状，详细探讨了在冬季工程机械维护与保养得具体方法与措施。Pick to: in view of the engineering machinery special temperature and environmental conditions in the winter, often malfunction, leading to delay project progress, and even brings to the construction of the status quo of huge losses, are discussed in detail in the winter construction machinery maintenance and maintenance of specific methods and measures.关键词：发动机；冬季；维护与保养Key words: the engine; During the winter; Maintenance and maintenance1发动机燃料系统的维护与保养 (1)选择凝点低、流动性好的柴油 低温时燃油的黏度增加，流动性变差，雾化不良，容易导致燃烧过程的恶化，发动机的起动性、动力性、经济性下降。因此，柴油的凝固点应低于环境最低温度35，以保证在最低温度时不凝固。 (2)冬季气候干燥，特别北方风沙较大，所以要加强对空气滤清器、油箱和柴油粗细滤清器的保养，防止尘土污染而加快机件磨损。 (3)对于严寒地区，还可在发动机工作中对柴油 http:/www.xtkydq.com/ http:/www.tsglzg.com/ 进行预热。柴油的预热主要有两种方法:一是采用废气预热，就是由发动机的排气管接一根管子穿过柴油箱，利用排气余热加热柴油;二是采用循环水预热，就是将发动机循环水用管子通过柴油箱，或用一个夹层油箱内层装油外层装循环水，加热柴油。当采用柴油预热时，应先用低凝点柴油进行发动机的起动，待被预热的柴油流出后再换用高凝点柴油工作，熄火时再换用低凝点柴油工作1020min，确保将供油系统内的高凝点柴油耗尽，防止停机后柴油凝结将油道堵塞。 2 发动机润滑系统的维护与保养 (1)放出发动机的润滑油，经过清洗后，加注黏度较小的发动机机油，改善润滑条件;其次要加强机油粗、细滤清器的清洗，减小润滑油的阻力。对多沙尘条件下使用的工程机械，还要适当缩短润滑油的更换周期。 (2)有的柴油机在进人冬季时(一般气温低于5 时) ，还应将滤清器座上的转换开关转向“冬 ”季使用位置。 3 发动机冷却系统的维护与保养 (1)清除水垢，畅通管道。清除发动机水套内部水垢，防止水垢积聚过多堵塞管路，如水垢堵塞放水开关，会导致放水不净。 (2)检查冷却系统各机件，保证齐全完好。发动机散热器的百叶窗、起动保温帘和发动机罩应完好，并应在发动机罩和散热器罩上加装保温套。节温器工作状况应良好，防止发动机水温过低或过高。发动机正常工作时，为使发动机处于较好的技术状态，发动机罩下空气温度应保持在3040 之间，冷却水温度应保持在8090之间。 (3)工程机械在较长时间内停止运转时，为防止发动机冷却水结冰，需间隔起动保持机温，作业结束后应及时放水 http:/www.tswuyuehua.net/ http:/www.lczxdz.com/(必须打开所有放水开关)。为防止发动机缸体、缸盖变形或开裂，应等发动机温度降低到5060 时方可放出冷却水。1 engine fuel system maintenance (1) selecting low solidifying point, cryogenic liquid diesel fuel oil viscosity increase, liquidity becomes poor, poor atomization, easily lead to the deterioration of combustion process and engine startability and a decrease in performance, fuel economy. Freezing point of diesel fuel, therefore, 3 5 , minimum temperature should be lower than environment to ensure that at the lowest temperature is not set. (2) the winter climate is dry, especially the north wind is bigger, so to strengthen the air filter, fuel tank and diesel filter degree of maintenance, to prevent dust pollution and speed up the wear parts. (3) in cold region, but also to preheat diesel oil in the engine working. Preheat diesel there are two main methods: one is using waste gas preheating, is by the engine exhaust pipe after pipe through the diesel tank, use of diesel exhaust waste heat for heating; Second, using circulating water preheating, is the engine circulating water pipes through the diesel tank, or with a sandwich inner filling tank outer circulating water, diesel heating. When diesel preheating is used, should be with low solidifying point diesel engine starting, change again after being been preheat diesel flow with high solidifying point diesel, flameout switch to low solidifying point http:/www.xtkydq.com/ http:/www.tsglzg.com/ diesel working again when 10 20 min, ensure that the fuel supply system of high solidifying point diesel exhaust, preventing downtime after diesel oil condensation will jam. 2 engine lubrication system (1) release of maintenance and administration of engine lubricating oil, after washing, filling and smaller viscosity of engine oil, improve lubrication condition; Secondly to strengthen oil coarse, fine filter cleaning, reduce the resistance of lubricating oil. For more dust under the condition of using engineering machinery, but also shorten appropriately lubricating oil change cycle. (2) some diesel engine in winter (average temperature below 5 ), should also be filter seat switch to winter season use. 3 the engine cooling system (1) remove scale of maintenance and administration, communication open. Internal scale removal of the engine water jacket, to prevent incrustation accumulated too much congestion lines, such as scale blocking water switch, can lead to water is not clean. (2) check each part of the cooling system, ensure fully intact. , starting the engine radiator shutter insulation curtain and hood should be intact, and should be on the engine cover and the radiator cover equipped with thermal insulation. Thermostat should be good work condition, prevent engine water temperature too low or too high. The engine work properly, in order to make the engine is in good technical condition, the air http:/www.tswuyuehua.net/ http:/www.lczxdz.com/temperature under the hood should be kept between 30 40 , cooling water temperature should be kept between 80 90 . (3) mechanical engineering over a longer period of time to stop operation, to prevent the engine cooling water freezes, interval starting keep the engine temperature, after the homework should be timely drain (must open all drain switch). To prevent deformation or cracking engine cylinder block, cylinder head, such as e