Key point: the definitions and components of logistics Difficult points: Logistics Effectiveness,RequirementsBy the end of this Unit, you should be able to have a good command of the definition of logistics components of a logistics system five key issues for logistics effectiveness,By the end of this lesson, you should be able to know evolution of the logistics management concept describe the connotation of logistics by yourself word,PART The Definition of Logistics,Abstract: The article introduces various definitions of different editions and the evolution of the logistics management concept.,Key words: logistics ; systematic management; internally integrated logistics ; externally integrated logistics ; global supply chain management,New Words,Sentence Explanations,Para.1 “Logistics” is a term, which originates from both the army and French. According to the French, the Baron of Jomini, who of Swiss origin who had served in Napoleons army before joining the Russians and who later founded the Military Academy of St. Petersburg, first used the term in the early 19th century. So in a military sense, the term logistics encompasses transport organization, army replenishments and material maintenance.“物流”或“后勤”一词其实源于军队， 对其词义解释亦有多个不同版本， 根据法国人阐述之词义， 该词早于十九世纪初被祖文尼男爵率先采用。祖文尼是一名原藉瑞士的军官，他在投奔俄罗斯军队之前在拿破伦军中服役， 其后一手创立“圣彼得堡军事学院”。就军事意识而言，物流管理词意即运输编制、军队补给和物料保养。,Para.3 The introduction of containers and the development of information technology have brought about the development and improvement of logistics activities.货柜的发明以及信息技术发达， 都从技术方面推动了物流活动的发展。Para.6 Operationally, companies realize that by regrouping the different aspects of logistics and instead of viewing them as separate processes, substantial savings can be made within their businesss outgoing expenditure.从运营角度来看， 把各个不同程序集中来处理， 更会替公司大量节省金钱。这亦因此是一个创新的管理概念。,Para.10 The concept of benefits is a multifaceted one that goes beyond the product or service itself to include issues regarding timing, quantity, supporting services, location, and cost.利益的概念是多方面的，不仅仅包括产品和服务本身，还包含及时、数量、技术支持、位置和成本。Para.12 In other words, they are much more concerned with the flow of finished goods from the end of the production line to the customer.换句话说，公司更关注的是产成品从生产线到消费者手中的这一过程。,Para.17 Physical distribution approach has gained wide acceptance among various manufacturers and distributors, but the limitation of the physical distribution approach soon became obvious since it did not address the cost containment issue of the raw material and working - process inventory (which account for, in average, 60 percent of the total material inventory). 物料配送的方法得到了不同生产商和供应商的广泛认可，但由于它没有考虑原材料和生产过程中存货的成本（而这部分存货平均占材料库存的60），因此它的局限性也很快表现出来。,Para.20 Participants in the channel gain competitive advantage through improving the overall channel efficiency by reducing risk and effectively leveraging the corporate resources of each channel member.通过降低风险，有效利用杠杆作用使用各成员资源等的手段改善整个物流中各个成员的效率，使参加者获得竞争优势。,Main contents,1. the definition of logisticsLogistics can be briefly described like this: “Logistics means having the right thing, at the right place, at the right time.“ At its heart, logistics deals with satisfying the customer. This implies that management must first understand what those requirements are before a logistics strategy can be developed and implemented to meet them.,2. Logistics can mean different things to different organizations.,3. Evolution of the Logistics Management ConceptPhysical distribution Internally integrated logistics Externally integrated logistics Global supply chain management,PART II Components of a Logistics SystemAbstract: The article tells of components of a logistics system, some of which are described briefly below: customer service; inventory management; transportation; storage and materials; packaging; Information; demand forecasting; production planning; purchasing; facility location.,Key words: customer service; inventory management; transportation; storage and materials; packaging; Information; demand forecasting; production planning; purchasing; facility location.,New Words,Sentence Explanations,Para.2 In a broad sense, it is the output of the entire logistics effort; that is, customer service and some resulting level of satisfaction are what the logistics system ultimately provides the buyer.从广义上看，它是整个物流努力的产物，也就是说，客户服务和满意程度正是物流系统最终提供给消费者。,Para.3 Inventory management deals with balancing the cost of maintaining additional products on hand against the risk of not having those items when the customer wants them .存货管理是处理如何平衡库存成本和缺货成本即当客户需要货物时却没有存货的损失。,Para.5 Obviously, an organizations inventory policies have a direct impact on their storage and handling needs.显然，一家公司的存货政策将直接影响它的库存和需求。Para.6 Too much packaging increases costs while inadequate protection can result in merchandise damage and, ultimately, customer dissatisfaction.过多的包装将使成本过高，而不充分的包装又会造成货物受损，最终,客户不满。,Para.7 The growth of reasonably priced computers and software has put sophisticated management information systems within the reach of even the smallest organization.随着计算机和软件价格日趋合理，使得最小的公司也可以获得复杂的管理信息系统。,