Direct speech,直接引语和间接引语,& indirect speech,引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语(Direct speech);一是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语(Indirect speech).,that引导的宾语从句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,whether/if 引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.,wh-词引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化, 注意以下几个方面:,从句动词时态不变 She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,一般现在时 “I know it,” he said.,一般过去时 He said that he knew it.,现在进行时 “Im making coffee for you all,” she said.,过去进行时 She said she was making coffee for us all.,现在完成时 “I have seen her before,” said he.,过去完成时 He said he had seen her before.,现在完成进行时 He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”,过去完成进行时 He said he had been doing it for hours.,一般过去时 “I saw her last Monday,” he said.,过去完成时 He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,过去进行时 “I was waiting for Jim,” she said.,过去完成进行时 She said she had been waiting for Jim.,过去完成时 “ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.,过去完成时 Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,一般将来时 He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”,过去将来时 He said they would start the next day.,直接引语变见解引语时, 时态要发生变化:,一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时,一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:,1. 不变的真理The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.,2. 经常的习惯：He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3. 历史事件：The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,4. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to, had better等：She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化,that/this those/these then before that day/today/yesterday (the) next day,in two days time the day before the night before two days before come/go bring/take there/here,1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John.John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend.Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,Exercise I,3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked.Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook. 4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann.Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim.Peter asked Jim what difference it made.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,