总部经济与总部统计探讨 A Tentative Exploration into the Headquarters Economy and Headquarter Statistics,主要内容 Main Contents,一、发展总部经济具有重要战略价值 Developing headquarters economy has important strategic value 二、北京总部经济发展走在全国前列 Beijing is in the head of headquarters economy in China 三、北京市应率先探索建立总部经济统计体系 Beijing should try to establish the statistics system of headquarters economy,一、发展总部经济具有重要战略价值 .Developing headquarters economy has important strategic value,（一）总部经济内涵,总部经济是指某区域由于特有的优势资源吸引企业总部集群布局，形成总部集聚效应，并通过“总部制造基地”功能链条辐射带动生产制造基地所在区域发展，由此实现不同区域分工协作、资源优化配置的一种经济形态 Headquarters economy can be defined as an economic modality with coordinated regional cooperation and optimized resource collocation which is created by some certain specific advantageous regional resources that attract a whole congregation of enterprise headquarter business, forming up what is called “headquarter convergence effect”, which, with its “headquarter- manufacturing base” functional chain radiating further ahead and thus driving up the regional development.,总部经济概念由研究制造业而提出，但是总部经济理论不仅适用于制造业，也适用于服务业等其他行业 The theory of headquarters economy not only applies to the manufacturing sector, but also to other industries, such as the service industry. 三层次理解： 资源配置方式 a mode of Resource Allocation 中心城市经济形态 an economic form of Central Cities 企业发展模式 a pattern of Enterprise Development,（二）总部经济实现“三赢”发展 2.Headquarters economy achieves “win-win-win”,总部1996年从兰州迁入北京，资产5亿元，2005年集团资产达到300亿元，销售额300亿元，10年扩张60倍 蓝星控股“蓝星清洗”、“星新材料”、“沈阳化工”3家上市公司，在国内拥有25个工厂和4个科研机构。在海外拥有15个工厂，7个研发和技术服务机构，营销网络遍及全球140多个国家 蓝星集团不仅对北京经济发展作出了贡献，而且带动了位于全国各地的生产制造基地所在区域的发展,蓝星集团,The headquarter of BlueStar Co. removed from Lanzhou to Beijing in 1996 . The asset and sale of the company arrived at 30 billion RMB in 2005, expanding 60 times in ten years.,（三）发展总部经济在我国现阶段具有重要战略价值 Developing headquarters economy has important strategic value at the current stage in China 1. 总部经济提升我国在全球价值链中支配权 Headquarters economy upgrades Chinas due dominance in the global industrial system,近年来我国经济实力不断增强，全球竞争力不断提升 In recent years, chinas economic strength continue to strengthen, and global competitiveness continue to upgrade. 目前我国有210多种产品产量居世界第一 2007年底世界经济论坛（World Economic Forum）发布的20072008年度全球竞争力报告显示，我国全球竞争力排名由2006年的第54位上升至2007年的34位,但总体来看仍然处于全球价值链和产业链低端 On the whole ,still in the low-end of global value chain and the industrial chain. 发达国家拥有世界86%的研发投入、90%以上的发明专利 80 percent of the R&D invest and more than 90 percent of the patents for invention belong to developed countries. 珠三角：“两头在外，中间在内”，大部分中小企业主要从事加工、组装、装配等附加值较低的OEM业务,耐克全球1000多个签约工厂，中国有128家授权生产商。一双售价300美元的耐克鞋，中国的出厂价格为10美元 Nike has more than 1000 factories in the world, and 128 of them are in China. The selling price of a pair of Nike shoes is 300 dollars, but its manufacturers price is only 10 dollars.,粗放式经济增长方式（廉价劳动力、消耗大量能源、牺牲生态环境）已走到尽头，唯有转变经济发展方式，才能改变我国在世界经济体系分工中的地位，实现可持续发展 Extensive mode of economic growth (cheap labor, consuming a large amount of energy, at the expense of the environment) has come to an end, China wont take the leading position in the world economic system and achieve sustainable development until it changes in the way of economic development 总部经济是生产全球产业支配力的经济 Headquarters economy is an economy producing the ascendant of global industry 积极推进总部经济发展，逐渐占据产业链和价值链的高端，改变我国在全球产业分工格局中的地位,2. 总部经济助推中心城市经济转型 Headquarters economy drives the economic transformation of the central cities,工业化背景下的城市化，工业化的进程早于城市化，许多城市尤其是中心城市面临经济转型的巨大压力 Many Chinese cities, particularly the central cities, are presently faced with enormous pressure arising from their economc transformations.,压力一：资源环境压力制约城市可持续发展 Firstly: The pressure on resources and environmental constraints the urban sustainable development,我国人均资源相当于世界平均水平的比重 The ratio between Chinas per capita resources and the world average,压力二：制造业“空心化” 对城市经济持续发展提出新挑战 Secondly: Manufacturing “hollowing” points out a new challenge to the sustainable development of urban economy.,许多大城市土地价格飙升、人工成本上升、环境压力加大等，迫使企业将生产制造环节从大城市迁到中小城市、欠发达地区，大城市制造业“空心化”现象严重 The rising of land price rapidly, the rising of labor cost, the increasing of Environmental pressure in big cities, force manufacturing links move to small and medium-sized cities, under developed areas from big cities. “hollowing out” of big citys Manufacturing is serious.,原有工业布局随着城市规模快速扩张，已经不适合在中心城区发展，产业发展需要从二产向三产转型升级 With the rapid expanding of Urban scale, The original layout of the industry doesnt suit for the development in the central urban area, the industry need upgrade from the secondary industry to Tertiary industry.,压力三：城市面临日益严重的空间资源约束，如何提高单位空间的经济产出是经济发展面临的重要课题 Lastly: the city suffer from space constraints seriously. How to improve the space units Economic output is an important subject of Economic development.,第二产业处于低端环节，第三产业低级化，以商贸、餐饮、房地产等行业为主,通过发展企业总部和研发、营销等价值链高端环节，带动现代服务业发展，提高单位空间的产出效率，推动城市产业升级和功能提升 Through developing the value chains high-end segments, such as Corporate headquarters, research and development, marketing, to promote the development of modern service industry, achieve urban Industrial upgrading and functional promotion.,