Types of Language Test,Contents,Measure how the performance of a student or a group of other groups of students compares with the performance of other students or groups. norm group (常模团体）,1.Standard for measuring,Two types,According to a particular external criterion which has been agreed upon. eg: 高考，公务员录用考试,Criterion-referenced tests,Norm-referenced tests,标准参照性考试,常模参照测验,Difference,The major difference is the standard used,2.Tests distinguished by linguistic levels and skills,Tests of phonology,Tests of vocabulary,Tests of grammar,linguistic levels,Reading tests,Speaking (oral) tests,Writing tests,Linguistic skills,Listening tests,1,2,3.Tests distinguished by the system of scoring,subjective tests,objective tests,subjective tests,objective tests,A test which is scored according to the personal judgment of the scorer eg: an essay examination.,A test which is marked without the use of the examiners personal judgment.,Subjective tests and objective tests, which are more suitable for testing a large group of students (say , more than 10,000),?,4.Tests distinguished by the nature of the test,integrative-tests (综合测试）,Discrete-point test is a language test which measures knowledge of individual language items, such as tenses, articles, or modal verbs in a grammar test . Integrative test is a language test which requires the learner to use several language skills at the same time, such as dictation and cloze.,definition,The rationale of the discrete-point test is derived from structural linguistics and behavioristic psychology which claim that behavior is in essence the sum total of its component part . The integrative test is based on the assumption that language competence is a unified whole which cannot be separated and tested adequately.,difference,Thank you !,