高考英语语法精要讲解高考英语语法精要讲解目目 录录名词3 数词5 冠词6 代词10 形容词16 副词16 介词20 基本句型22 IT 句型24 There Be 句型25 主谓一致26 时态31 时态的综合问题31 一般现在时31 现在进行时31 一般将来时32 现在完成时33 一般过去时34 过去进行时35 过去将来时36 过去完成时36 语态37 情态动词43 虚拟语气52 句子结构55 特殊疑问句55 反意疑问句56 否定句59 倒装句60 感叹句61 祈使句62 省略与替代62 从 句66从句的基本形式66主语从句66表语从句66宾语从句67同位语从句67 名词性从句的综合问题67What-clause68状语从句68定语从句75 非谓语动词 78动词不定式78分词81动名词83 2008 年高考英语单项填空分类汇编86名词、数词、冠词名词、数词、冠词一、名词一、名词1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题：、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题： 名词的数：单数、复数和不可数； 名词的格：通格和属格 （s ） 名词的限定：特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法，即名词前加冠词或其它限定词， 例如： some, many , this, my 等2、名词的数和单位词：、名词的数和单位词： 1）复型名词）复型名词 + 复数动词复数动词The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair.备用词：备用词： shoes, stockings, glasses, socksNOTICE: A pair of glasses costs quite a lot.2）复型名词）复型名词 + 单数动词单数动词A. The news on TV is seldom satisfying.备用词：备用词：mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United StatesB. Twenty miles is a long way to walk.备用词：备用词： five pounds, two feet, six weeks3) 集合名词集合名词 + 复数名词复数名词The police have surrounded the building.Cattle are selling for record price (创记录）. 备用词：备用词： the enemy, (the) peopleNOTICE: 表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用， 但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数:My family are wonderful. They do all they can for me.The family which now consists of four members at most is smaller than it used to be.4)不可数名词作可数的情况不可数名词作可数的情况 A. 部分不可数名词可以有下列情况 a (an) + adj. + n.It looks like rain. a thirsty for knowledge(求知欲） a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics.备用词：备用词： snow, breakfast, wine, oil, educationB.口语特例（特定场合）A (One) beer, please.Two teas and four coffees, please.5)既是可数又是不可数的名词既是可数又是不可数的名词I broke a glass this morning. (杯子）Glass is made from sand. （玻璃）备用词：备用词： paper / a paper, light(光) / a light(灯);ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), chicken(鸡肉) / a chicken (雏鸡)6) 单位词单位词 A.个数a piece of information (furniture, advice) B. 以形状表示个数a grain of rice, a flight of stairs C. 容量a box of matches, a cup of tea D. 计量a metre of cloth, a ton of coal E.其它a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules)3、名词的格：、名词的格：1） s 的用法的用法A . 与时间有关的名词a nights sleep ten minutes walkNOTICE: a two-hour walk = two hourswalkB. 和else 连用book can this be? A. Who elses B. Whose elseC. Whos else D. Whose elses (A)C. s 修饰的词，如果前面提到，可省略This is Jacks book, not Toms. This book is Jacks not Toms.D. 表示店、铺、家、诊所等， s 后面的名词省略at the Greens (house), at the doctors (office) 2) OF 结构表示所有关系结构表示所有关系A. 无生命的名词用 ofthe price of the successB. 有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用 ofCant you look at the book of the boy behind you?3)双重所有格双重所有格s 与 of 结构并用，此时 of 结构所修饰的名词前通常有 a, an, two, some, that 等Miss Smith is a friend of Marys mothers.that brother of the girl4)名词名词 + 名词名词 （名词用作形容词）（名词用作形容词）A. 单数名词名词 a shoe (flower) shop ticket officeNOTICE: the tailors (shop)B. 复数名词 名词sports meet clothes shop women pilots二、数词二、数词1 1、数词在使用时应注意的问题：、数词在使用时应注意的问题： 易错数词： 年月日及介词 计算用词 和数字相关的词2 2、综合、综合1) 数字表达： 123,856,709 one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred andfifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine2) 年月日 in the morning; on the morning of September 1; in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September) 3 3、计算、计算 Six and five is (are) eleven.Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty. Four from seven is (leaves) three.Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred. X 16 x 11 = 176Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six. 9 3 = 3Nine divided by three equals three.4 4、dozen, scoreA. three dozen eggs; three dozen of these eggs; dozens of eggs B. three score years; a (three) score of people; scores of times5 5、小数，分数，百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题 分数和百分数引导的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分 数后面的名词来确定如果是可数名词的复数，其谓语动词用复数形式；如 果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单