Mechanical Engineering English,Lesson 3 Mechanical Engineering Design,机械工程专业英语,Introduction,ConversationsReadingExercises,Method,Teaching,Discussion,Self-studying,Question,Background Situation,Mechanical engineeringMechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves the application of principle of physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It requires a solid understanding of key concepts including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics and energy. Mechanical engineers use these principles and others in the design and analysis of motor vehicles, aircraft, heating & cooling systems, watercraft, manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, medical devices and more,Mechanical engineering could be found in many ancient and medieval societies throughout the globe. In ancient Greece, the works of Archimedes (287 BC212 BC), and Heron of Alexandria(1070 AD) deeply influenced mechanics in the Western tradition. In ancient China, there were also many notable figures, such as Zhang Heng(78139 AD) and Ma Jun (200265 AD). The medieval Chinese horologist and engineer Su Song (10201101 AD) incorporated an escapement mechanism into his astronomical clock tower two centuries before any escapement could be found in clocks of medieval Europe, as well as the worlds first known endless power-transmitting chain drive.,Background,During the early 19th century in Britain, the development of machine-tools led mechanical engineering to develop as a separate field within engineering, providing manufacturing machines and the engines to power them. The first British professional society of mechanical engineers was formed in 1847, making mechanical engineering the second-oldest branch of engineering behind civil, formed 30 years earlier. In the United States, the first mechanical engineering professional society was formed in 1880, making it the third oldest type of engineering behind civil (1852) and mining & metallurgical (1871).,Background,The first schools in the United States to offer an engineering education were the United States Military Academy in 1817, an institution now known as Norwich University in 1819, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1825. Education in mechanical engineering has historically been based on a strong foundation in mathematics and science; this is followed by courses emphasizing the application of this knowledge and studies in the social sciences and humanities to give the engineer a broader education.,Dialogue 1,Mr. King: How many books can you borrow from library at a time? Lily: Usually, it is 5 books for an undergraduate and 10 books for a postgraduate at one time. Mr. King: What about the English corner in your campus? Lily: The English corner is held every Thursday evening. Teachers from the Foreign Languages Teaching Office help students to organize the activities and you can catch any interesting topic such as English studies, music, movies, books and traveling there. We do benefit a lot from it.,译文,Mr. King: Do you have a habit of doing exercise? Lily: Sure, we have a regulation of morning exercises, which guarantees us a healthy body. You can meet students undertaking different kinds of exercises if you take a walk in the morning on campus. Mr. King: Would you like to comment on your instructor? Lily: He is a man of profession and responsibility. Whenever you ask him for help, he will always be there without any hesitation.,Dialogue Two,Mr. King: How about the activities in your school? Lily: It blooms in every corner of campus. Associations of different varieties organized by students with the same interest develop various popular activities such as Foreign Languages Festival and Computer Science Festival.,Mr. King: Do you like online games? Lily: No, I dont. I believe such addicting is a waste of time and energy. It does have negative effects on our study. Mr. King: How do you like your roommates? Lily: We get along very well. Leading a dormitory life teaches me how to take others feelings into consideration. I appreciate it very much.,New words & expressions,segment segmnt n. 部分; v. 部分,段,分割; vt. 分割 refinement rifainmnt n. 精致,高尚,精巧 apparatus .preits n. 装置,器具,器官 devise divaiz v. 设计 distinctly distiktli ad. 显然地,明显地,清楚地 empirical empirikl a. 经验主义的 constraint knstreint n. 约束, 强制,约束条件 invariably inverib()li ad. 不变化地,一定不变地,常常地,interrelate .int(:)rileit v. 互相关连,相关 ecology i(:)kldi n. 生态学 reinstate ri:insteit v. 恢复; vt. 使恢复原有的职位 assurance urns n. 保证,确信,保险 thrust rst n. 推力,刺,力推; v. 插入,推挤,刺 incorporate ink:preit a. 合并的,公司组织的,具体化的; v. 合并,组成公司,具体表现,bugs bgz n. 故障，毛病 unforeseen nf:si:n a. 无法预料的 warrant wrnt n. 正当理由,根据,委任状；v. 保证,辩解,担保 radical rdikl a.根本的,激进的,基本的,彻底的；n. 激进份子,原子团,激进派 flourish flri v. 繁荣,茂盛,活跃 eliminate ilimineit v. 除去,排除,剔除 supervisory .sju:pvaizri a. 管理的,监控的 ultimately ltimtli ad. 最后,最终 inhibit inhibit v. 禁止,抑制 cling to 抱住(抱定,固守,贴近),