2015 四川广安高考英语阅读类、短文改错巩固训练（2） 【答案】完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项 A、B、C 和D 中，选出最佳答案。The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before 1 this question, it will be useful to introduce some 2 concepts. Conflict, 3 as opposition among social units-or individuals-directed against one another, is4 from competition, which 5 opposition among social units 6 seeking to obtain something which is 7 inadequate supply. Competitors may not know about one another, which those who 8 in a conflict do. Conflict and competition are both 9 of opposition. The meaning of opposition has been stated as a process by which social unit function in the disservice of one another, opposition is 10 contrasted to cooperation, a 11 by which social units function in the service of one another. These 12 are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited 13 , but conflict Isns. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur and is probably an essential and desirable 14 of human societies.Many authors have 15 their arguments that war cannot be avoided on the idea that in the struggle for existence among groups of animals, only those which are best 16 remain alive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Those who fail in this competition 17 starve to death or are 18 by other types of animals. This struggle for 19 is not similar to human war, but is like the competition of 20 for jobs, markets, and materials. The most important quality of this struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are not enough to satisfy all.( ) 1. A. considering B. solving C. answering D. saying( ) 2. A. related B. used C. translated D. sacred( ) 3. A. specified B. remarked C. defined D. claimed( ) 4. A. variable B. distinguished C. various D. isolated( ) 5. A. acknowledged B. denies C. assumes D. means( ) 6. A. critically B. approximately C. independently D. costly( ) 7. A. on B. for C. with D. in( ) 8. A. enter B. participate C. fall D. involve( ) 9. A. formations B. classes C. terms D. reactions( ) 10. A. nevertheless B. however C. thus D. maybe( ) 11. A. procession B. standard C. process D. measurement( ) 12. A. accounts B. definitions C. descriptions D. explanations( ) 13. A. resources B. origins C. sources D. materials( ) 14. A. matter B. element C. event D. coincidence( ) 15. A. concentrated B. fixed C. centered D. based( ) 16. A. encouraged B. accepted C. adapted D. adopted( ) 17. A. not only B. either C. neither D. both( ) 18. A. killed B. raised C. fired D. surrounded( ) 19. A. resistence B. privilege C. favour D. employment( ) 20. A. workers B. officials C. individuals D. residents1.A 考虑这个问题之前，有必要介绍一些与之相关的概念。2.A “相关的概念”，应用 related。3.C define, “解释”， “下定义”，后面经常接 as; specify,“指定”， “指明”。The regulations specify that you may use a dictionary in the examination。规则指明考虐时可用字典。remark,“说”。claim,“要求承认某人之身份，所有权”。Does anyone claim this umbrella?有没有人认领这把伞？ 冲突，指的是社会单位，团体或个人之间的对抗。它与“竞争”不同。竞争指的是社会单位间为夺取一种不足够的供应而进行的对抗。4.B distinguish from 区别，不同；variable 与 vaious(多样的)后面一般不接 from; isolated“与隔离开来”。5.D 对前面 competition 的解释， “意味着”。6.C critically 批判地；approximately 大致地；independently 独立地；不受控制地；costly 形容词，昂贵的。根据文中含义， “竞争对手各自寻求物质，所以才会有冲突”。所以此外选 C 为宜。7.D in short(inadequate) supply“缺乏的”为固定搭配，一般不用其它介词。8.B enter in 登记姓名，细节等。例：enter in an item in an accountbook 将一笔账记入账本；fall in 陷入，例 fall in love with sb. involve in“卷入”，一般为卷入某个事件；participate in 参与。 竞争者们可能彼此不了解，而冲突者们则熟识对方。9.B formation,构成;terms,术语;reactions,反映;classes 在此处指“种类，类别”。冲突和竞争都属于对抗。10.C 选这类连接副词时，关键是弄清句与句之间意义关系。上句讲到对抗就是彼此不服务。这句讲到合作就是彼此服务。他们之间连接词自然就是“因此”了，因此他们相反。对抗与合作相反。合作指的是社会单位互相服务。11.C procession 队伍，行列；standard 标准；process 过程；measurement 衡量。上句中谈到对抗是彼此不服务时，用的是“a process by which social.”,此处与上句这部分结构完全相同，就可套用 process 一词。12.B accounts 叙述；definitions，定义，概念；descriptions,描述；explanations，解释。文章第二句话是第一自然段主题句：介绍几个概念，然后作者分别介绍。本题中用 these definitions“这些概念”则与上文浑然一体。对这些定义的理解非常必要，因为有必要强调，个人或团体之间的竞争在这个资源有限的世界是难免的，而冲突则是可免的。13.A resource 资源，指国家、人类或个人所拥有的人力及物力，例：We must exploit the natural resources of our country. 我们必须开发本国的天然资源。source指河的源头：the source of Nile 尼罗河的发源地。source 还指出处，来源，例：The news comes from a reliable source.这项消息出自可靠的来源。origin 起源，the origin of a quarrel 争吵的起因。此空前为 a world of limited 一个有限资源的世界，因此选 A。14.B 冲突很可能发生，它可能是人类社会必不可少、值得得到的要素。15. D base.on. 把建立在上。16.C 只有那些适应（能力）强的才活下来。17.B 看到 or 就会想到 either; not only.but also; neither.not.,both.and 都是固定搭配。在竞争中失败的动物，要不就是饿死，要不就被别的动物杀死。18.A 由前句 starve to death 和 or 可知，此处应同 death 意义相近。19.A 为生存的抗争不同于人类战争。20.C 由后面的 jobs, markets and mat