1（八）动词的分类（八）动词的分类01 命题趋势 考标导向化 近年来对动词的考查主要是动词的种类及各类动 词的基本区别，动词的基本变化形式，常见的动词的 词义辨析及短语动词的辨析，其中，动词和短语动词 的辨析以及动词的基本变化形式是考查的重点和热点。 预计 2015 年动词考查的趋势将是：在具体的语言环境 中考查基础动词及其短语动词的辨析。 02 定义 概念清晰化 动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语 法功能，动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态 动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词，分为及物动词(后 面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词),不及物动词(本身意 义不完整，其后不能接宾语的动词)；系动词(不能独 立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语)；助动词(本身 没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构 成谓语的词，这类词表示时态、语态、语气等特征， 帮助构成否定、疑问等)；情态动词(本身有一定意义， 但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须和实义 动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度 和语气)。 03 知识归类 知识网络化 动词的种类动词的种类分类图解分类图解类别功能及用法例子及物 动 词 vt.可以 接宾语afford,b uy, enjoy,ke ep行 为 动 词不及 物 动词vi.本身含有实在 意义，表示动 作或状态，在 句中能独立作 谓语。不可以直接接宾语arrive,c ry, die,fall连 系 动 词本身有一定的词义，但词义不完整， 不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起 构成谓语。be,smell , look,tas te 助 动 词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语， 只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表 示时态、语态、否定、疑问等。do,does, will,sha ll 情 态 动 词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作 谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓 语，表示说话人的语气和情态，没 有人称和数的变化。may, must, can, need特例清单特例清单1.不及物动词要想接宾语，必须在不及物动词后 加上适当的介词。如： The baby is smiling at us.小孩正对着我们笑 呢。 He died of hunger.他死于饥饿。 Please listen to the teacher carefully.请仔 细听老师讲课。 2.双宾语动词后面跟两个宾语，直接宾语为动词 直接涉及的事物；间接宾语往往指涉及的人。间接宾 语有时可放到后面去，由介词 to 或 for 引导，变成介 词短语。 能接以 to 引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring,give,leave,lend,offer,pass,play,read,send,s how,take,teach,tell,write 等。如： Could you lend your dictionary to me?请你把 你的字典借我用用好吗？ She passed the salt to him.她把盐递给了他。 能接以 for 引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring,build,buy,cook,cut,fetch,find,get,keep,ma ke,order,save,pick,play,sing,take,win,write 等。 如： Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母 亲每天都为我们做早饭。 Ill fetch a chair for you.我去给你拿一个 凳子。 【题组训练题组训练】 ( )1.(2014眉山)Who _ the tennis game yesterday? Jack，he _ all the others.A.beat;won B.won;won C.beat;beat D.won;beat ( )2.(2014河南)Choosing the right circle of friends will _ us a lot of troubles，heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret. A.save B.share C.keep D.bring ( )3.(2014十堰)Smart phones are more and more popular now. So they are.But they still _ too much. A.pay B .cost C.take D.spend ( )4.(2014山西)During the World Cup，a large number of soccer fans fly to Brazil.It has _ a great place for fans to have fun. A.made B.kept C.become2( )5.(2014宿迁)Tom is an honest boy，_ he?Yes.We trust him all the time. A.isnt B.is C.does D.doesnt 常见连系动词的用法常见连系动词的用法分类图解分类图解常用连 系动词词义例句be是Im a girl with short hair.become 成为，变得Mike becomes interested in Chinese.turn 变得Mr. Whites face turned red.get变得The weather is getting bad.smell闻起来The flowers smell nice.sound听起来The plan sounds good.taste尝起来The soup tastes delicious.stay保持The shop stays open till 8 pm.grow成长，变得Her hair is growing white.keep保持The girl keeps silent all the time.feel感到，摸起 来The coat feels very softlook看起来My mother looks very young. 注意1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形 容词、名词或介词短语作表语。 2.含连系动词(be 除外)的句子变疑问句时一 定要借助助动词 do,does,did 等。【题组训练题组训练】 ( )6.(2014眉山)Shall we go for a walk? _great. A.Feels B.Sounds C.Turns D.Looks ( )7.(2014荆州)Do you like swimming in winter? Of course.The water _ a bit cold at first，but then I am warm and full of energy.A.feels B.tastes C.smells D.looks ( )8.(2014河北)Mom is making dinner. It_ so nice! A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds( )9.(2014宿迁)Your trainers _ colourful. Yes.And they are popular among young people. A.feel B.smell C.taste D.look ( )10.(2014乐山)I cant stand the smell of the stinking tofu. Would you like to have a try? It _ quite delicious! A.looks B.sounds C.tastes 情态动词的用法情态动词的用法分类图分类图 解解情态 动词意义及用法例句表示“请求许可” ，意 思是“可以，可能” ， 其一般疑问句的否定 回答为 mustnt。May I go out and play football? No,you mustnt. may表推测，意思是“可 能” 。Mr.Li may be at home. 表示“能力” ，意思是 “能，会” ，否定形式 为 cant,couldn t。Mike can speak a little Chinese. I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old. 用在疑问句中，表示 “征求意见” ，could 比 can 的语气更委婉、 客气。Could you tell me something about your school?表推测，常用在否定 句和疑问句中。He cant be at home. He has gone to Japan.can (could)can 用于一般现在时及 一般过去时两种时态， be able to 可以用于 各种时态。He can spell these words. He has been able to draw pictures already. 表示义务、命令或要 求，意思是“必须， 应该” ，否定形式为 mustnt，意思是 “不应该，不允许” ， 表示警告。You must be careful next time. You mustnt take photos here.must表示推测，意为“必He must be in the 3定” 。room. 表示说话人的主观看 法。I must go home now. must 引导的一般疑问 句，肯定回答时用 must，have to；否定 回答时用 neednt 或 dont have to。Must I finish the homework today? No,you neednt/you dont have to. 表示“需要” ，多用于 否定句。He neednt worry about it.need 作实义动词，后接动 词不定式。Im very tired and I need to have a rest.【题组训练题组训练】 ( )11.(2014台州)Are you interested in shopping online? Not so much. We_see real products but pictures. A.shouldnt B.cant C.mustnt D.neednt ( )12.(2014威海)Bob，Where is Linda?She _ be in the library.But I am not sure. A.must B.may C.need D.has to ( )13.(2014菏泽)Look，someone left a book. Oh，yeahThis book_ be Kittys. Only she likes to read this kind of books. A.can