2015 济阳县高考英语阅读理解一轮训练（济阳县高考英语阅读理解一轮训练（3）及答案）及答案【科普知识型-阅读理解】Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders. Longlasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals.The new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Centre. Mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetesthat can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms.In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their night. Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks， “a sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed， ” Bedrosian says.In a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of “behavioural despair”，10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal lightdark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists also could quash the behavioural symptoms by injecting (注射)the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression.Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but cant easily detect molecular underpinnings (分子结构)as animal studies can，says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behaviour”1After being exposed to continuous nighttime light，the mice _Achanged their preferencesBescaped from the water more eagerlyCremained active as beforeDshowed less interest in their favourites2What does the underlined word “quash” in Para. 4 probably mean?AStudy. BPredict. CEase. DCause.3We can learn from the last paragraph that _Alight at night may have practical valueBthe biological clock is beneficial to humansChuman mood disorders cannot be healed easilyDhuman studies are more important than animal studies4What is the main idea of the passage?ANighttime light may foster depression.BA drug has been found to cure mood disorders.CThe study on animals can be applied to humans.DHuman biological clock can be controlled by light.(二)【要点综述】光照疗法可以治疗抑郁症，但是，新的研究表明长期暴露于夜晚的灯光也可带来抑郁症，这项研究至少在动物身上得到了验证。1D 细节理解题。根据“Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness，those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks”可知，那些在夜晚持续接受暗淡灯光的老鼠失去了对于甜饮料的浓厚喜好，即没有那么喜欢甜饮料了，故选 D 项。2C 词义猜测题。通过原文 quash 前面 also 可以断定，quash 的意思等于前面一句话的意思，即症状消失了，故选 ease“缓解，减轻” 。3A 推理判断题。根据最后一句可知，灯光可以影响生物钟，生物钟的改变可以影响行为，故选择 A 项。4A 主旨大意题。根据文章首段“Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun.But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders.”可知，本文主要讨论 nighttime light 与 mood disorder 或 depression 的关系，故 A 项正确。Passage Nine(The Program-Federal Government Helps Minority Business)Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts.Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the spons