The nervous pathway 神 经 传 导 路,一、 Sensory Pathways,感觉传导通路,proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs 躯干四肢本体觉和精细触觉传导路,Primary NeuronCell bodies are located in the ganglion of spinal n.transmit sensory input from joint, muscle, tendon to the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord form the Fasciculus cuneatus and Fasciculus gracilis,1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs,Secondary NeuronCell bodies are located in Nucleus gracilis and Nucleus cuneatus Send out fibers Cross to the opposite by decussation of medial lemniscus Ascends as medial lemniscus,Third Neuroncell bodis are located in the thalamus send out fibers to form central thalamic radiation project to the somatic sensory cortex,1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs,I,II,III,1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs,muscles,tendons,joints and periosteum,Peripheral processes,I,ipsilateral posterior funiculus of spinal cord,Gracile nucleus cuneate nucleus,III,supeior 2/3 of postcentral gyrus and posterior part of the paracentral lobule, Precentral gyrus,Spinal ganglion,Central processes,ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL),Receptor for fine touch in skin,Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs 躯干四肢的痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路,I,II,III,Primary NeuronCell bodies are located in the ganglion of spinal n.Relay sensory input from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord Synapses with the secondary neurons in the posterior horn of spinal cord,Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs 躯干四肢的痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路,Secondary Neuronlocated in the 、 of posterior horn of spinal cord Send out fibers cross to the opposite side through the anterior white commissures and form the spinothalamic tract,Third Neuron the third neurons located in the thalamus send out fibers to form central thalamic radiation project to the somatic sensory cortex,Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs躯干四肢的痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路,Peripheral processes,I,II,III,supeior 2/3 of posterior gyrus and posterior part of the paracentral lobule,Spinal ganglion,ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL),Skin exteroceptor,Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs 躯干四肢的痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路,、 of posterior horn,lateral spinothalamic tract (pain and temperature),anterior spinothalamic tract (simple touch),Ascending 1 - 2 segments,Pain, temperature and simple touch pathway of head and face 头面部痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路,I,II,III,Peripheral processes,inferior 1/3 of posterior gyrus,Central processes,ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM),Skin and mucosa of head and face,Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of head and face 头面部痛温觉和粗略触觉传导通路,trigeminal ganglion,Trigeminal n.,Root of trigeminal n.,pontine nucleus of trigeminal n.,spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.,II,trigeminal lemniscus,III,I,2.非意识性本体感觉传导路,感受器receptor,肌腱 骨膜 关节,脊神经,（周围突）,脊神经节,第1级神经元,后根,中枢突,胸核（C8-L2) 、腰骶膨大 (躯干和下肢)， 颈膨大层（上肢.颈部）,第2级神经元,脊髓小脑后束、前束,经小脑下、上脚,cortex of paleocerebellum 旧小脑皮质,Spinal ganglion,（三）visual pathway 视觉传导路：,receptor,cone cell rod cell,bipolar cell,Lateral geniculate body,Optic Radiation,Both banks of calcarine sulcus,ganglion cell,（三）visual pathway 视觉传导路,损伤及表现：,视神经损伤：,同侧盲,视交叉中部损伤：,双颞侧偏盲,视交叉外侧部损伤：,同侧眼鼻侧半偏盲,视束、外侧膝状体、视辐射、视中枢损伤：,双眼对侧同向性偏盲,Blindness of eye of corresponding side,bitemporal hemianopia of visual field,Blindness in nasal half of visual field of corresponding side,Homonymous hemianopia of visual field in both eye,2. pupillary reflexes 瞳孔对光反射,retina,Optic n.,Optic chiasma,Optic tract,Brachium of superior colliculus,Pretectal region,accessory nuclei of III,Oculumotot n.,Ciliary ganglion 睫状神经节,Postganglionic fibers节后纤维,Sphincter pupillae,Contraction of pupil,2. pupillary reflexes瞳孔对光反射：,损伤及表现： 视神经损伤： 患侧瞳孔直接对光反射消失 患侧瞳孔间接对光反射存在,动眼神经损伤： 患侧瞳孔直接对光反射消失 患侧瞳孔间接对光反射消失,The acoustic(auditory) pathway 听觉传导路,The acoustic(auditory) pathway 听觉传导路,Spiral organ,cochlear ganglion,Cochlear nerve,cochlear nuclei,Trapezoid body,inferior colliculus,medial geniculate body,acoustic radiation,transverse temporal gyri,Posterior limb of internal capsule,Lateral lemniscus,Brachium of inferior colliculus,I,II,III,I,II,III,