Joints of limbs,主 讲 人 季 艳 梅,. Joints of upper limb,) Joints of shoulder girdle 1.Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节 1)Composition: sternal end of clavicle,clavicular notch of sternum, and the first costal cartilage 2)Feature:Articular capsule: strong An articular disc divides the joint into two cavities. 3)Movements,Up,down,2.Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节 3.Coracoacromial ligament喙肩韧带,down,Up,)Joints of free upper limb,1.Shoulder joint 肩关节(ball and socket) 1)Composition: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula 2)Feature:Articular surface Capsule: Thin and lax Attachments Tendon of long head of biceps brachii,down,Up,Glenoid labrum盂唇: Coracohumeral ligament 喙肱韧带 3)Movements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction,down,Up,头大盂小囊松薄 最易发生前下脱,down,Up,2. Elbow joint 肘关节 1)Composition: lower end ofhumerus, upper ends of radius and ulna 1.Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节 2.Humeroradial joint肱桡关节 3.Proximal radioulnar joint桡尺近侧 关节 2)Feature: Capsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posteriorly, strongly thickened on either side by collateral ligaments,down,Up,Ligaments: 1.Radial collacteral ligament桡侧副韧带: 2. Ulnar collacteral ligament尺侧副韧带: 3. Annular ligament of radius桡骨环状韧带: 3)Movements: flexion and extension, pronation and supination,down,Up,Dislocation,down,Up,3.Joints between radius and ulnar Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节Distal radioulnar joint桡尺远侧关节 Interosseous membrane of forearm前臂骨间膜,down,Up,4.Joints of hand 1) Radiocarpal joint桡腕关节 (ellipsoid)(1)CompositionCarpal articular surface of radius and articular discProximal row of carpal but not pisiform (2)Feature:Capsule: lax and strengthened by surrounding ligaments(3)Movements,down,Up,2)Intercarpal joints 3)Carpometacarpal joints: Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节 (1)Composition : trapezium and base of the first metacarpal (2)Movement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and opposition,4)Metacarpophalangeal joints 5)Intermetacarpal joints 6)Interphalangeal joints,down,Up,.Joints of Lower limb,) Joints of pelvic girdle1.Sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节1)Composition: auricular surface of sacrum and ilium2)Feature:Capsule: very tight and strengthened by ligaments,down,Up,2.Vertebropelvic ligaments1)Iliolumbal ligament髂腰韧带:2) Sacrotuberous ligament骶结节韧带 3) Sacrospinous ligament骶棘韧带 These two ligaments convert the sciatic notches the greater and lesser sciatic foramina 坐骨大、小孔,down,Up,3. Pubic symphysis耻骨联合 4.Obturator membrane闭孔膜 obturator canal闭膜管,down,Up,5.Bony pelvis骨盆,1)Composition: formed by paired hip bones, sacrum, coccyx, and their articulations 2)Terminal line界线: formed by promontory of sacrum, arcuate line, pectin of pubis, pubic tubercle, upper border of pubic symphysis 3)Two portions,down,Up,4)Lesser pelvis 小骨盆 (1)pelvic inlet 骨盆上口(terminal line): (2)Pelvic outlet 骨盆下口: formed by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, ramus of ischium, inferior ramus of pubic, symphysis (3)Pelvic cavity (4)Pubic arch, subpubic angle,down,Up,) Joints of free lower limb,1. Hip joint 髋关节 1)Composition:acetabulum and femoral head 2)Feature:(1)Articular capsule attachments,down,Up,(2)Acetabulum labrum髋臼唇;(3)transverse acetebular ligament髋臼横韧带(4)Iliofemoral lig. 髂股韧带(5)Ligament of head of femur股骨头韧带(6)Pubofemoral lig. 耻股韧带(7)Ischiofemoral ligament 坐股韧带 (8) Zona orbicularis 3)Movement: stability,down,Up,Iliofemoral lig.,Ischiofemoral lig.,Pubofemoral lig.,Zona orbicularis,down,Up,down,Up,2.Knee joint 膝关节 1)Composition: lower end of femur, upper end of tibia and patella 2)Feature:Articular capsule,down,Up,Patellar lig. 髌韧带Fibular collateral lig. 腓侧副韧带Tibial collateral lig. 胫侧副韧带,down,Up,Oblique popliteal ligament腘斜韧带Anterior cruciate ligment前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate ligament 后交叉韧带,down,Up,Medial meniscus内侧半月板 (C-shaped) Lateral meniscus外侧半月板 (O-shaped)3)Movements: flexion and extension; flexed knee joint may be passively rotated,lateral,Medial,down,Up,down,Up,3)Tibiofibular syndesmosis胫腓连结Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments胫腓前、后韧带,down,Up,4)Joints of foot,1)Talocrural joint 距小腿关节(ankle joint) 踝关节 (1)Composition: lower ends oftibia and fibula, trochlea of talus (2)Feature:Articular capsule: thinand lax in front and behind (3)Movements,down,Up,2)Intertarsal joints跗骨间关节3)Tarsometatarsal joints跗跖关节 4)Intermetatarsal joints跖骨间关节 5)Metatarsophalangeal joints 跖趾关节 6)Interphalangeal joints趾间关节,down,Up,Arches of foot 足弓,down,Up,