Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained,走进高考文化品格渗透,El Nio，a Spanish term for “the Christ child，” was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.,The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.A study found that a strong Nio in 1997-98 helped Americas economy grow by 15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi-year drought(干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.,The most recent powerful Nio，in 1997-98，killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth 36 billion around the globe.But such Nios come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI)，however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.,Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors，civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country，the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio，reducing their losses needs to be the priority.,61.What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1? A.It is named after a South American fisherman. B.It takes place almost every year all over the world. C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas. D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.,解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“El Nio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.”可知，在海洋厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化。,答案,解析,61,62,63,64,62.What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected? A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall. B.Droughts become more harmful than floods. C.Rich countries gains are greater than their losses. D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.,解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.”可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺得到的东西要比它们失去的多。,答案,解析,61,62,63,64,63.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that . A.more investment should go to risk reduction B.governments of poor countries need more aid C.victims of El Nio deserve more compensation D.recovery and reconstruction should come first,解析 推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句中的“.however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance.”可知，以往政府对减少风险的投入太少，应该加大投资以降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。,答案,解析,61,62,63,64,64.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage? A.To introduce El Nio and its origin. B.To explain the consequences of El Nio. C.To show ways of fighting against El Nio. D.To urge people to prepare for El Nio.,答案,解析,解析 写作意图题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段倒数第二句中的“helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk.”可判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。,61,62,63,64,