新视野系列研究生课程：科技论文的构思、撰写和发表,生物医学世纪讲坛,How to Publish Your Papers in the Top Scientific Journals,鲁白 教授,鲁白教授,1957年12月生于上海市。1982年获上海华东师范大学学士学位。1990年获康乃尔大学博士学位后，在洛克菲勒大学和哥伦比亚大学从事博士后研究,导师为Paul Greengard和蒲慕明教授。1993年加入罗氏分子生物学研究所，并任哥伦比亚大学助理教授。1996年加入NIH儿童健康和人类发育研究所，任突触发育和可塑性研究室主任。主要研究神经营养因子在突触发育和可塑性中的作用。他的研究室是最早提出并发现神经营养因子对神经系统突触传递、突触发育可塑性有调控作用的实验室之一，与几个著名实验室一起开创了神经营养因子的突触调控这一新领域。,M. F. Egan, M. Kojima, J. H. Callicott, T. E. Goldberg, B. S. Kolachana, E. Zaistev, A. Bertolino, B. Gold, D. Goldman, M. Dean, B. Lu, (co-corresponding author) and D. R. Weinberger. (2003) The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function. Cell 112, 257-269. L. Ma, Y. -Z. Huang, J. Valtschanoff, L. Feng, B. Lu, W. Xiong, R. Weinberg, L. Mei. (2003) Ligand-dependent recruitment of the neuregulin signaling complex into neuronal lipid rafts. J. Neurosci. 23, 3164-3175. J. Wang, C. -Q. Chen, B. Lu, and C. -P. Wu. (2003) GDNF acutely potentiates Ca2+ channels and excitatory synaptic transmission in midbrain dopaminergic neurons. NeuroSignals 12, 78-88. M. Miura, S. Gronthos, M. Zhao, B. Lu, L. W. Fisher, P. G. Robey, and S. Shi (2003) SHED: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 5807-5812. Y. X. Zhou, M. Zhao, K. Shimazu, K. Sakata, D. Li, C. -X. Deng, B. Lu. (2003) Impairments in cerebellum Purkinje cells and motor function in mice lacking Smad4 in the central nervous system. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 42313 - 42320. J. Du, L. Feng, E. Zaitsev, H. S. Je, X. Liu, and B. Lu. (2003) Activity- and tyrosine kinase-dependent facilitation of TrkB receptor internalization in hippocampal neurons. J Cell Biol. In press. Z. G. Luo, H. -S. Je, F. Yang, W. C. Xiong, B. Lu, and L. Mei (2003) Activation of geranylgenanyltransferase is essential for Agrin-induced AChR clustering. Neuron In press. S. X. Bamji, K. Shimazu, N. Kimes, J. Huelsken, W. Birchmeier, B. Lu, L. F. Reichardt. (2003) Regulation of presynaptic assembly and maintenance by -catenin. Neuron In Press. F. Yang, X. He, J. Russell, and B. Lu. (2003) Ca2+ influx independent transmitter release mediated by mitochondrial Na+-Ca2+ exchanger and protein kinase C. J. Cell Biol. In press.,2003 research articles,What Is the Purpose of Doing Research?,It is not about the number of papersIt is not about the impact factor of the papersIt is not about the Nobel Prize,Publish or perish1 Nature = 10 JBC,Basic Elements for Basic Research,Passion,6 Sigma,Silver bullet test,Good Research Is the Key,My English is not goodThey are biased against Chinese (foreigners),What Is a First-Class Paper/Research?,Major advance in a classic field 干细胞是如何分化成特定组织细胞的，胆固醇在人体的正常功用New techniques and methods that can be widely used 人类基因组研究中的自动测序技术 , PCR, Patch clamp, Ca2+ Imaging, GFPDiscoveries with obvious practical implications AIDS virus receptor 的发现, 老年痴呆症基因的发现 Conceptual breakthrough, novel ideas 神经营养因子可以促进学习记忆, RNA干扰现象 Challenge to traditional views, break dogma 脑内有可分裂的神经干细胞，打破了传统观念 Opening up new area, cross board “细胞凋亡”现象的发现, 开辟了新的科研领域,What Is a Mediocre Paper/Research?,Horizontal growth I made the discovery in rats, you find the same in cat.Filling gaps EGF activates JNK which is known to induce c-Jun expression. You show that EFG enhances c-Jun expression. Working out details I found NO induces the production of cGMP, you work out dose response and time course.Support existing idea, “me too” EGF-R endocytosis requires dynamin, PDGF-R too.Follow up CREB binds to CRE. Working out CRE sequence.Incomplete study, preliminary,How to Read Scientific Papers?,The Gilbert wayKeep these in mind when you readWhat is the major question addressed in this paper? Is this question important and why?What are the approaches used in this paper, and whether they are adequate for the questions?What are the novel idea or using innovative approaches?What is the concept coming out of this paper?Do the results presented support this new concept? Weekly reading of CNS titlesCritical, appreciative,What Makes Good Science?,Important and significantOriginal and innovativeSolid and rigorousUnique and unusual,Novelty is essential,语不惊人誓不休,The evaluation process,Editorial staff Board of Reviewing Editors,20-30%,REJECT,REVIEW,REJECT,70%,ACCEPT (10%),70%,20%,6%,4%,Should your paper go to CNS?,Is it your best ever?Will it have a big impact?Does it interest scientists in other fields?Does it overturn conventional wisdom?Work that represents a large step forward solution to long-standing problem different way of thinking broad implications,What helps:,Convincing data Appropriate controls Careful presentation Consideration of all viable alternatives,What doesnt help,The minimal publishable unit. Excessive or unfounded speculation Repeat examples of a known phenomenon Insufficient advance over previously published work,Editorial Policies of Different Journals,Cell/Neuron/ImmunityEditorial board does a lot of reviews. Editors discuss and decideNature sister journalsEditors discuss and decideScienceSpace meeting, board of review editorsPNASCommunicate, contribute, Track COthers,