高三英语总复习基础部分语法讲解篇,2.1 高中英语常用语法时态,一、时态构成表时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。中学阶段较常用的时态有十种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、过去完成时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时。,二、相关知识点精讲 1.一般现在时 (1)构成:do/does(be用am,is,are) (2)用法: 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every.,sometimes,often,usually,always,at.,on Sunday等。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning.,客观真理、客观存在、科学事实、自然现象、格言警句。例如: The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. It is very hot here in summer. Pride goes before a fall. 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.,现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如: I dont want so much. Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 比较: Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时标志,表示正在进行的动作,所以后句用现在进行时。,在时间状语从句或条件句中。在when,while,before,after,till,once,as soon as,so long as,by the time,if,in case (that),unless,even if,whether,the moment,the minute,the day,the year,immediately,directly等引导的时间状语从句、条件句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。例如: He is going to visit his aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 又例如: When Bill comes(不是will come),ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.,2.一般过去时 (1)构成:did(be用was,were) (2)用法: 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,just now,the other day,in 1982等。例如: Where did you go just now? 表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如: When I was a child,I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit,they were given a warm welcome.,在时间、条件、方式或让步状语从句中,用一般过去时表过去将来。例如: Mary had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home. 用于某些固定句型中。 句型1:It is time that sb.did sth.“时间已迟了”“早该了”。例如: It is time that you went to bed. 句型2:would rather sb.did sth.宁愿某人做某事。例如: Id rather you came tomorrow.,3.一般将来时 (1)构成和用法: will/shall do,表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如:tomorrow,next month等连用。 Which paragraph shall I read first? Will you be at home at seven this evening? be going to do,表示按计划、安排要发生的事或根据某种迹象可能要发生的事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? The play is going to be produced next month. Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.,be to do,表按计划或安排,或根据义务职责必须要做的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. be about to do,意为很快就要发生的事或动作。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 4.现在完成时 (1)构成:has/have done (2)用法 表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在。 I have finished my homework already.,表示持续到现在的动作或状态。常与for a long time,since, since yesterday,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until, up to now,in past years,always,already,recently,lately等时间状语连用。 Helen has worked in our school for almost five years. Tom has lived in the city since 1990. 常用现在完成时的句型。 句型1:It is the first/second time.that.结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 句型2:This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.,注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late. 句型3:This is +形容词最高级+that.结构,that从句要用现在完成时。 This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 5.一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 (1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 (2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,last week,.ago,in 1980,in October,just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always等,皆为不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语:this morning,tonight,this April,now,already,recently,lately 等。 (3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know。,一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等。例如: I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了) I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了) Why did you get up so early?(强调起床的动作已发生过了) Who hasnt handed in his paper?(强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争) He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续),He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续) 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,last,week,in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。 (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 6.过去完成时 (1)构成:had done (2)用法:表示过去动作或过去时间的过去。,在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 状语从句,在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 When the police arrived,the thieves had run away. 表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本,未能”。 We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.,过去完成时常与时间状语before,by the end of+过去时间等连用。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve,Edison had begun to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. By the end of last week,they had finished their tasks. 7.将来完成时 (1)构成:will have done,(2)用法: 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时间为止一直有的状态。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. 动作完成:表示将来某一时间或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。 You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 8.现在进行时 (1)构成:am/is/are doing (2)用法: 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you.,习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr.Green is writing another novel.格林先生在写另一部小说。(说话时未在写,只处于写作状态。) 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 与always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.,