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单元征法小专题(Grammar Focus)语法精午一、介词 by 的用法1. by 表示方式、方法或手段,后接名词或动名词,意为“使用某物;靠;乘(车.船)等。如:Do you learn English by reading aloud? 你通过大声读来学习英语吗?I often go io school by bike. 我经常骑自行车去上学。2. by 表示时间,意为“到时(为止);在 以前:不迟于。如:I have to go to bed by ten oclock. 我必须十点前睡觉。3. by 表示地点或位置,意为靠近;在旁边”。如:The bay-often reads books by therriver: 这个男孩经常在河边读书。4. by 表示移动的方向,意为从旁边经过”。如:He walked by me without saying anything. 他从我旁边经过,什么也没有说。5. by 表示根据,意为按照。如:What tirielisit Bylyourwateh?7你的手表几点了?6. by 表示被接触身体的某一部分。如:She took me by the hand. 她拉着我的手。二动名词用法小结1. 动名词在句中作主语动名词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。此时也可以用 it 作形式主语, 而把真正的主语后置。如:Getting up early is good for your health. 一Its goodfor your health to get up early. 早起对你的健康有益。2. 动名词在句中作宾语动名词在句中作宾语时,一般放在某一及物动词或介词之后充当这一动词或介词的宾语。(1)后接动名词作宾语的及物动词:finish,enjoy,keep, stand(忍 受),suggest, advise,, practice, mind,imagine 等。如:The tourists enjoy staying in unniing all theyear round. 游客们喜欢一整年都待在昆明。Do you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗?2)动名词可作介词的宾语,包括以介词结尾的动词短语,如 take part in,be good at 等。如:Many young 用 took part in planting trees onTree Planiing Day. 很多年轻人在植树节那天参加植树活动。诅法精练工. 选词填空。1. Her mother goes to work (on/by) bus everymorning.2. The two kids practice spoken English (by/with)joining the English club.3. (Watch/Watching) movies is a popular way for Inany Beoble to rela元4. As we know,its not polite to keep others(Cwait/waiting) for a long time.S$. Jane,come in and sit (between/by) me.开. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6. Do you often memorize new words by(make) vocabulary lists?7. Can you finish (do) your homework beforenine oOclock?8. Don t worry aboult (nake) mistalses whenyou talk to foreigners in English.9. (help) each other at school is a way to improve our friendship。10. We have worked for three hours,Lets stop(work) and have a rest.亚. 根据汉语提示,用 by 的相关短语完成句子,每空一词。 11. I learn English (通过听磁带).12. Henry was sitting over there (在窗户旁).13. Shall we go ” 飞习火车714. The trees _ (沿河) are all very tall.15. John is afraid to stay at home (他自己).
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