Revision on Basic Grammar,英语基础语法复习,词类：,1. teacher, book 2. we ,me, he 3. two, fifth 4. work, study, live 5. good, big 6. fast, quickly 7. a, an, the 8. in, on, by, with 9. and, but 10. oh，ah,1. 名词 n. 2. 代词 pron. 3. 数词 num. 4. 动词 v. 5. 形容词 adj. 6. 副词 adv . 7. 冠词 art. 8. 介词 prep. 9. 连词 conj. 10. 感叹词 int.,句子成分,主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 表语 同位语,主语(Subject) 主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物。,During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language. It is necessary that we should master a foreign language.,谓语(predicate or predicate verb) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态, “做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,由动词来担任.,He practices running every morning. You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. We are students.,宾语(object)：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。,They went to see an exhibition yesterday. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is fit for his office.,宾语种类：,Lend me your dictionary, please. 双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） They elected him their monitor. 复合宾语（宾语+宾补）,定语（attribute）：修饰名词或代词,Guilin is a beautiful city. China is a developing country; America is a developed country. There are thirty women teachers in our school. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to learn English. Children who live by the sea usually begin to swim at an early age.,状语(adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征,Light travels most quickly. He has lived in the city for ten years. He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. He is in the room making a model plane.,状语种类,How about meeting again at six? Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. I shall go there if it doesnt rain. Mr Smith lives on the third floor. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. She works very hard though she is old. I am taller than he is.,状语种类,How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语）,补语complement：补充主语和宾语的意义，说明主语或宾语的特征。,Hill was declared the winner of the fight. His father named him Tom. They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order. We will soon make our city what your city is now.,表语predicative：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。,Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one? His job is to teach English. His hobby is playing football. The machine must be out of order. Time is up. The class is over. The truth is that he has never been abroad.,同位语(appositive) 同位语用来对一个词或词的内容加以补充和说明。它通常位于其说明的词或词组之后。,We Chinese are hard-working. You two are very lazy. The truth that he has never been abroad makes me surprised.,英语五种基本句型,1. + （主谓） The rain stops. 2.+ （主谓宾） Jane speaks French. 3.+L+ （主系表） Toms father is a professor. 4. +O1+ O2 （主谓间宾直宾） He told us the whole story. 5. + （主谓宾宾补） He found George smart.,分析下列句子。 1. Our school is not far from my home. 主语 系动词 表语 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 主语 系动词 表语 3. All of us considered him honest. 主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语 5. He broke a piece of glass. 主语 及物动词 宾语,6. He made it clear that he would leave the city 主语 动词 形式宾语 it 宾语补足语+宾语 7. I love you more than her, child 主语 及物动词 宾语 8. Trees turn green when spring comes. 主语 系动词 表语 +状语（时间状从） 9. They pushed the door open. 主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语+ 时间状,11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 主语双宾动词 直接宾语间接宾语 12.All the students think highly of his teaching. 主语 及物动词 宾语 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 主语 及物动词 宾语 +状语 14. He asked us to sing a