为了适应公司新战略的发展，保障停车场安保新项目的正常、顺利开展，特制定安保从业人员的业务技能及个人素质的培训计划武汉理工大学,计算机在材料记得把精英资料上的两套题背过退火的定义和过程：Annealing,inglassblowingandlampworking,istheprocessofheating,andthenslowlycoolingglasstorelieveinternalstresses热处理退火过程中，退火是消除或减少玻璃的热应力至允许值的热处理过程。Annealingistoheattreatglassnearthesofteningpointtorelievetocoolmoreslowlybackthroughthetransitionregionsoastonotreintroducethermalstresses.Annealingtakestimeandtemperature：glassannealsmoreslowly,haslargerstressesglassannealsmorequickly,hassmallerstresseswithlargethermalexpansionrequiresmoreannealing材料的力学性质：MechanicalpropertiesofMaterialsisthebehaviorofmaterialsdeformedbyasetofforces.Strength强度、硬度Hardness、韧性Toughness、硅酸盐水泥的主要的化学成份：TherearefourmajormineralsinPortlandcementclinker:C3S3CaO+SiO2C2S2CaO+SiO2C3A3CaO+Al2O3C4AF4CaO+Al2O3+Fe2O3Atten.C=CaO,S=SiO2,A=Al2O3,F=Fe2O3物相的定义：aphaseisastateofaggregationofmatterthathasadistinctivemaybesolid,liquid,orgaseous.Aphasemaybeapurematerialorasolutionofseveralcomponents.什么是应力和应变porosityreferstothenetworkofporesinamaterialthatisopentothesurfaceandintowhichaliquidsuchaswatercanpenetrateifthepartweresubmergedinit.porosityreferstothoseporesthathavebecomesealedwithinthegrainstructure.玻璃的形成条件：GlassFormationresultswhen:arecooledtobelowTM(TL)sufficientlyfasttoavoidcrystallization;ofcrystallineseedsareavoided;ofNucleiintocrystallites(crystals)isavoided;isfrustratedbyinternalstructurethathindersbothevents.Ceramics的力学性能：极高的抗压强度、脆性大、弹性模量极高yieldstrength:Ceramicsdonotplasticallydeformbeforereachingtheirtensilestrength.permanentelongationorreductioninarea:Ceramicscannotbeplasticdeformedbyroomtemperature.物理性能：comparedtometals比金属轻astructuralmaterial：aceramicwithhightheoreticaldensity(99%)ispreferred结构材料:陶瓷高理论密度(99%)者优先meltingpointsofceramics、陶瓷的熔点thermalconductivityandelectricalconductivity热导率和电导率、expansion热热膨胀玻璃的结构形成理论：Theglasstransition:glasstransitionistheregionoftemperatureswherethepropertiesofacooledliquidcontinuouslychangefrombeingliquid-liketosolid-like;glasstransitionresultsfromtheslowingdownoftheinternalrelaxationtimenecessarytoachieveequilibriumpropertiesasthetemperatureislowered;risingviscosityandtheassociatedviscosityrelaxationtimeareatrootoftheslowingdownoftheliquidsresponsetotemperaturechange;formingliquidshaveastrongtemperaturedependentviscosity;硅酸盐水泥的矿物相的反应速率：Hydraulicreactivitiesofclinkerphases硅酸盐水泥熟料水化活性:1.一般来说：铝酸三钙硅酸三钙铁铝酸四钙硅酸二钙2.注意：熟料水化活性受到杂质、成份的影响。尤其是铁铝酸四钙，其水化活性受到C2FC2A比例影响。3.水泥熟料水化活性同时受到外加剂、掺合物等影响。Theprogressofhydrationofcementcanbedeterminedbydifferentmeans,suchasthemeasurementof:theamountofCa(OH)2inthepastetheheatevolvedbyhydrationthespecificgravityofthepastetheamountofchemicallycombinedwatertheamountofunhydratedcementpresent(usingX-rayquantitativeanalysis)alsoindirectlyfromthestrengthofthehydratedpaste.水泥的水化程度测试方法：非蒸发、化学方法、水化热法Theprogressofhydrationofcementcanbedeterminedbydifferentmeans,suchasthemeasurementof:(a)theamountofCa(OH)2inthepaste;(b)theheatevolvedbyhydration;(c)thespecificgravityofthepaste;(d)theamountofchemicallycombinedwater;(e)theamountofunhydratedcementpresent(usingX-rayquantitativeanalysis);(f)alsoindirectlyfromthestrengthofthehydratedpaste.ThermogravimetrictechniquesandcontinuousX-raydiffractionscanningofwetpastesundergoinghydrationcanbeusedinstudyingearlyreactions.Themicrostructureofhydratedcementpastecanalsobestudiedbyback-scatteredelectronimaginginascanningelectronmicroscope陶瓷强度的影响因素，以及孔隙对强度的影响：Poresaffectthestrengthofceramicsintwoways：amount,size,distribution,andthecontinuity(连续性)ofvoidsinaceramicaretheprincipalfactorsthatdetermineitspropertiesisdetrimental(有害的)tomostpropertiesofceramics玻璃的定义：Glassisaninorganicproductoffusionwhichhascooledtoarigidconditionwithoutcrystallization玻璃是一种在凝固时基本不结晶的无机熔融物：陶瓷的定义：Inorganiccompoundsmadebyheatingclayorothermineralmattertoahightemperatureatwhichtheypartiallymeltandbondtogether.黏土或其它矿物质在高温下部分熔融并粘结在一起形成的无机复合物.Ceramicsarerefractorypolycrystallinecompounds难熔的多晶复合物混凝土的定义：Ahardstrongbuildingmaterialmadebymixingacementingmaterial(asPortlandcement)andamineralaggregate(assandandgravel)withsufficientwatertocausethecementtosetandbindtheentiremass.陶瓷的主要组成和分类：ceramics:derivedandProcessedfromclayornonclayminceramics:highpurity,bettermechanical,electrical,magnetic,andopticalpropertiesAdvancedceramic:thescaleoftherawmaterialsandmicrostructures,includingthecrystalgrains,crystalinterface,poresanddefectsisatthelevelofmicrons.混凝土的各个组成的作用：:Principlebinder粘合剂;MainlyPortlandcement硅酸盐水Cement泥;Controllingmostproperties;Maycontainingothermaterials:Fineaggr.细骨料、sand、Coarseaggr.粗骨料、gravel砾石、crushedstone碎石：Necessaryforhydration必要的水化、Yieldingworkabilityofconcrete和易性、Affectingdurability影响耐用性：Innovations!创新、Changefreshconcrete、Chang