汾阳二中2018-2019学年第一学期高一月考英语试题 客观卷 （100分）第一部分 阅读理解（两节 共20小题，每小题3分，满分60分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor(1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(19132005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.1. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B .Her teaching skills.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.2. What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.3. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day OConnor. D. Rosa Parks.4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers（先锋，先驱）. D. They are peace-lovers.BAlthough his 1-year-old smart-phone still works perfectly, Li Jijia already feels the need to replace it.“There are many better ones available now. Its time to upgrade(更新）my phone.”Lis impatience is shared by many. Shortly after the season when new products are released（发布，发售）, many consumers feel the urge to upgrade their electronic equipment, even though the ones they have still work just fine.As consumers minds are occupied by Apples newly released products and debate whether the Google tablet is better than the new Amazon Kindle, it might be time to take a step back and ask: “Do we really need the latest upgrades?”According to Donald Norman, an American author, “planned obsolescence (淘汰）” is the trick behind the upgrading culture of todays consumer electronics industry.Electronics producers strategically release new upgrades periodically, both for hardware and software, so that customers on every level feel the need to buy the newest version.“This is an old-time trick-theyre not inventing anything new,” Norman said. “This is a wasteful system through which companies-many of them producing personal electronics- release poor-quality products simply because they know that, in six months or a year, theyll put out a new one.”But the new psychology of consumers is part of this system, as Norman admitted, “We now want something new, something pretty, the next shiny thing.” In its most recent year, Apples profit margin(利润) was more than 21 percent. At Hewlett-Packard, the worlds biggest PC maker, it was only 7 percent.Apples annual upgrades of its products create sales of millions of units as owners of one years MacBook or iPhone line up to buy the newest version（版本）, even when the changes are slight. As to Li Jijia, the need for upgrading his smart-phone comes mainly from friends and classmates. When they are switching to the latest equipment, he worries about feeling left out.“Some games require better hardware to run,” said Li. “If you dont join in, you lose part of the connection to your friends.”5. Whats the authors attitude towards peoples greed for new products?A. Supportive（支持的） B. Optimistic.（乐观的）C. Critical（批评的）.D. Unclear.6. How do the electronics companies successfully promote their latest products?A. They make full use of the “planned obsolescence” strategy.B. They make a fool of customers by recycling their old products.C. They control the customers way of thinking while shopping.D. They invent new products to attract the