非谓语动词,非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，其中分词包括现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。 非谓语动词既有动词性质（比如可以有自己的宾语、状语等），又有非动词性质（比如动名词相当于名词；分词相当于形容词和副词；不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词等）。,动词不定式 动词不定式可以在句中作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语等。 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时to可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式为“not+动词不定式”。,e.g. To learn English well is difficult. 动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用it代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主语动词不定式后置，上面的例句常写为：Its difficult to learn English well.,考点一：作主语。,形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型为： Its + adj. + (of / for sb.) to do sth.或 Its +n. +(for sb.) to do sth.。 e.g. Its very nice of you to offer me a seat. Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. It was great fun to have a picnic there.,考点二：作宾语。 常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree, afford, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, offer, prepare, plan, promise, refuse, want等。 注意：在find, think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式后置。 e.g. I find it hard to get along with him.,1. They decided _ a bridge over the river. (2015四川遂宁) A. build B. to build C. building 2. I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered _ me to watch an opera. (2016天津) A. took B. takes C. to take D. taking,中考链接,B,C,3. She said she hoped _her daughter. (2016湖南邵阳) A. to see B. you to see C. seeing 4. I cant tell you what she said. Ive promised _ it a secret. (2016上海) A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept,A,B,考点三：作宾语补足语。 1. 一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词有allow, call, want, tell, advise, ask, warn, encourage, invite, order, teach等。 提示：help跟的宾语补足语既可以是带to 的动词不定式，也可以是不带to的动词不 定式。 e.g. Can you help the girl (to) move the chair?,2. 使役动词(如make, let等)及感官动词(如see, feel, hear, watch, notice等)后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时需省略to。 注意在变为被动语态时要加上to。 e.g. I saw a young man enter the room. She was often heard to sing this song.,1. Our teacher often advises us _ the habit of making notes while reading. (2016苏州) A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing 2. You should ask Bob _ his own clothes. He is ten years old now. (2016重庆A卷) A. wash B. washes C. washing D. to wash,A,中考链接,D,3. We advise parents _ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. (2016黑龙江东) A. not to leave B. not leave C. not leaving,A,考点四：作定语。 动词不定式可以作名词的定语；还可在某些句型中作定语，与所修饰的名词是动宾关系。 e.g. I havent had the chance to think yet. （作名词的定语） 提示：动词不定式作定语修饰名词且为动宾关系时，如果动词为不及物动词，后面要加上相应的介词。 e.g. Tina has no paper to write on.,Joining a summer camp is a great chance _ free time with your friends. (2016吉林) A. spend B. spending C. to spend,C,中考链接,考点四： 作状语。 动词不定式作状语往往表示原因、目的、结 果等。 e.g. They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house. (表示原因) To get a good seat she arrived at the hall early. (表示目的) The boy is old enough to take care of himself. (表示结果),说明： 1. had better， would rather， Why not .?，Will / Would you please .?后面接不带to的动词不定式。 e.g. To catch the early bus, youd better get up early tomorrow morning. 2. 动词不定式可以和疑问词what， which， how，where， when等连用，构成动词不定式的特殊结构。 e.g. Can you tell me where to buy a map?,1. Ill have a ten-day holiday. But I dont know _. How about Paris? (2016成都) A. what to do B. where to go C. when to go,B,中考链接,2. The Chinese team are working hard _ honors in the 2016 Olympic Games. (2016湖南株洲) A. to win B. win C. winning 3. Its getting dark. Youd better _ out by yourself. Its dangerous. (2016四川宜宾) A. not go B. not to go C. to go,A,A,4. I bought a big box _ books for kids in poor areas. (2016吉林长春) A. collects B. to collect C. collect D. collected,B,动词-ing形式 动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+-ing”构成，其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。 动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等。,考点一：作主语。 动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。 e.g. Playing / To play computer games too much is bad for your eyes.,Our English teacher often says to us, “_ English well is very important.” (2013四川内江) A. Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. To learning,中考链接,B,考点二：作宾语。 1. 在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词-ing形式作宾语的词语有dislike, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practice, suggest, give up, put off, keep on, be busy, have fun, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be used to, look forward to, feel like, thanks for等。,2. 有些及物动词（如like， love， hate， begin， start等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意思上没什么差别。如： e.g. Do you like reading / to read?,3. 有些及物动词（如remember， forget， stop， try等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义有别。,1. We feel like _ some food and drink because well invite some friends _ in a party. (2016黑龙江齐齐哈尔) A. buying, to join B. to buy, joining C. buying, join,中考链接,A,2. After she finished _the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper. (2016上海) A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 3. Bruce practices _ basketball every day so that he can be a better player. (2016海南) A. play B. to play C. playing,D,C,4. My father used to drive to work, but he is used to _ now. (2016贵州六盘水) A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk,A,考点三：宾语补足语 一些动词既可以接动词不定式又可接动词-ing形式，作宾语补