16-1 GROUP 16 ENGINE ELECTRICAL CONTENTS CHARGING SYSTEM . . . . . . . .16-2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . .16-2 CHARGING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS16-3 SPECIAL TOOL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-6 ON-VEHICLE SERVICE. . . . . . . . .16-7 GENERATOR OUTPUT LINE VOLTAGE DROP TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-7 OUTPUT CURRENT TEST . . . . . . . . . . 16-8 REGULATED VOLTAGE TEST. . . . . . . 16-10 WAVE PATTERN CHECK USING AN OSCILLOSCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-11 GENERATOR ASSEMBLY . . . . . .16-14 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION . . . . . 16-14 DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY. . . . . 16-15 INSPECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-17 STARTING SYSTEM . . . . . . . . .16-20 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . .16-20 STARTING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS16-21 STARTER MOTOR ASSEMBLY. .16-22 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION . . . . . 16-22 INSPECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-23 DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY. . . . . 16-25 INSPECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-27 IGNITION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . .16-30 GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . .16-30 SPECIAL TOOLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-31 ON-VEHICLE SERVICE . . . . . . . . .16-31 KNOCK CONTROL SYSTEM CHECK. . 16-31 SPARK PLUG CABLE TEST . . . . . . . . . 16-31 SPARK PLUG TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-32 IGNITION COIL CHECK. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-32 SPARK PLUG CABLE RESISTANCE CHECK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-33 SPARK PLUG CHECK AND CLEANING16-34 CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR CHECK16-34 CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR CHECK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-34 IGNITION SECONDARY VOLTAGE WAVE PATTERN CHECK USING AN OSCILLOSCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-34 IGNITION PRIMARY VOLTAGE WAVE PATTERN CHECK USING AN OSCILLOSCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-39 IGNITION COIL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-44 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION. . . . . . 16-44 CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR .16-45 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION. . . . . . 16-45 CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR16-46 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION. . . . . . 16-46 KNOCK SENSOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-47 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION. . . . . . 16-47 SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . 16-48 FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-48 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS . . . .16-48 SERVICE SPECIFICATIONS . . . . .16-49 CHARGING SYSTEM TSB Revision ENGINE ELECTRICAL 16-2 CHARGING SYSTEM GENERAL DESCRIPTION M1161000100588 The charging system charges the battery with the generator output to keep the battery charged at a constant level during varying electrical load. OPERATION AKX00183 VOLTAGE TIME APPROXIMATELY 14.4 V AB Rotation of the excited field coil generates AC volt- age in the stator. This alternating current is rectified through diodes to DC voltage having a waveform shown in the illustra- tion above. The average output voltage fluctuates slightly with the generator load condition. When the ignition switch is turned on, current flows in the field coil and initial excitation of the field coil occurs. When the stator coil begins to generate power after the engine is started, the field coil is excited by the output current of the stator coil. The generator output voltage rises as the field cur- rent increases and it falls as the field current decreases. When the battery positive voltage (gener- ator S terminal voltage) reaches a regulated voltage of approximately 14.4 V, the field current is cut off. When the battery positive voltage drops below the regulated voltage, the voltage regulator regulates the output voltage to a constant level by controlling the field current. In addition, when the field current is constant, the generator output voltage rises as the engine speed increases. AK304729 GENERATOR B STATOR COIL PCM G S L FR VOLTAGE REGULATOR GENERATOR MALFUNCTION LIGHT IGNITION SWITCHBATTERY FIELD COIL + AB CHARGING SYSTEM TSB Revision ENGINE ELECTRICAL 16-3 CHARGING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS M1161000700342 TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS Generator malfunction light dose not go on when the ignition switch is turned to ON, before the engine starts. Check the bulb. Generator malfunction light dose not switch off after the engine starts. Check the IC voltage regulator inside the generator. Discharged or overcharged battery. Check the IC voltage regulator inside the generator. The generator malfunction light illuminates dimly. Check the diode (inside the combination meter) for a short-circuit. TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE The charging system troubleshooting guide is shown in the fol- lowing steps. STEP 1. Q:Is the battery in good condition? (Refer to GROUP 54A, Chassis Electrical Battery On-vehicle Service Battery Check P.54A-5.) YES : Go to Step 2 . NO : Charge or replace the battery. STEP 2. Q:Is the generator drive belt in good condition? (Refer to GROUP 00, General Maintenance Service Drive Belt (For Generator and Water Pump, Power Steering Pump) (Check Condition) P.00-43.) YES : Go to Step 3 . NO : Adjust the belt tension or replace the belt. STE