小升初语法总复习汇总,分 类,一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词） 二、人称代词 三、冠词 四、动词 五、介词 六、数词 七、形容词和副词,八、there be结构 九、句式 1.肯定句 2.否定句 3.疑问句 4.祈使句 十、时态： 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 现在进行时 4. 一般将来时 十一、“wh”的特殊疑问句,一、名词,名词（表示人和事物名称的词）,专有名词,普通名词,特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。 e.g. Jim Green， New York， Bank of China，Peking University 星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。,个体名词 表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student , desk 集体名词 表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：class , family 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质名称，如：water , rice , sand，hair 抽象名词 表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love ，carelessness,个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式； 物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词，一般只有一种形式。,英语语法中，只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词有两种数的形式： 1）单数（表示一个人或事物）； 2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。,名词的数：,名词复数形式的构成,不规则名词的复数,由元音字母的变化构成： man-men, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, mouse-mice, woman-women 2. 有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样： sheep, deer, fish(但也可以是fishes) 有些名词变成复数时加-en: child-children, ox-oxen,Practise,peach_ 2. zoo _ 3. glass _ 4. fox _ 5. lady _ 6. policewoman _ 7. house _ 8. photo _ 9. monkey _ 10. wife _ 11. rose _ 12. path _ 13. judge _ 14. map _,peaches,zoos,glasses,foxes,ladies,policewomen,houses,photos,monkeys,wives,roses,paths,judges,maps,二、人称代词和物主代,主格一般用在句子前面，宾格用在动词后面，I am Li Le. Call me le le. 形容词性物主代词指 “某人的什么”，my book (我的书), your puppy. (你的小狗) 名词性人称代词指什么是“某人的”This book is mine. (这本书是我的),Practise,_(他) is my brother. 2. I had a letter from _ (她). 3. Its all right; its only _(我). 4. Today _(我们) went in _(我们的) car; tomorrow _(我们) are going in _(他们的). 5. _(我) lend _(我的) books gladly to _ (我的) friends and to _(你的). 6. Can you help _(我) with _(我的) English. 7. When _(你) go to see _(你的) father, please take these books to _(他). 8. _(他们) found _(它) difficult to learn German.,He,her,me,we,our,we,theirs,I,my,my,yours,me,my,you,your,him,They,it,所有格,所有格的形式 单数人称名词末尾加 s child-childs 以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加s waitress-waitresss 不规则的复数人称名词末尾加s children-childrens 以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加 girls-girls 以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加s James-Jamess,下列情况一般用 “of”结构： 东西(没有现成的复合名词时): the book of the film 2. 东西的一部分: the bottom of the box 3. 抽象的概念: the price of success 4. 当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时： Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?,双重,s结构也可以用于 “of”结构之后，如：a friend of my fathers , 出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：this son of mine, a friend of yours, a cousin of hers等等。 Isnt Frank a friend of yours? That silly uncle of Toms has told me the same Joke five times.,冠词,不定冠词a,an,定冠词the,只能用于单数可数名词之前,单数可数名词 复数可数名词 不可数名词,零冠词,名词前可不用冠词,不定冠词的用法： 表示“一”，“任何一个”或“不管哪一个”的意思。 I have a sister and two brothers. 2. 在某些度量表示法中： We have PE lessons three times a week. 3. 用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。 George wants to be an engineer. 4. 在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。 What a pretty girl! 5. 一些常用短语中。 have a good time, half an hour, have a headache.,定冠词的用法： 用来表示“独一无二”的意思。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 2. 表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。 There is a boat in the river. The boat is made of wood. 3. 用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。 the letter from America, the fourteenth of April 4. 用在泛指的乐器名词前。 He plays the piano. 5. 一些常用短语。 by the way, in the morning, Whats the matter?,零冠词的用法： 泛指的抽象名词前。Life is very hard for some people. 2. 泛指的物质名词前。Water is very useful. 3. 泛指的复数名词前。Books are my best friends. 4. 泛指的“餐”名前。Come to have dinner/breakfast with me. 5. 大多数的专有名词前。He comes from France. 6. 语言的名词前。She can speak French. 7. 在季节和节日的名词前。Winter is the best time for skating. 8. 当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。My brother is a soldier. 9. 在体育项目的名词前。play basketball 10. 一些常用短语。 at home, go to school, at night,1. There is _notebook on my desk. I use _ notebook to keep a diary. 2. There is _bottle on the table. _ water in it is sweet. 3. Wangs mother is _English teacher. She teaches in _ primary school. 4. China is _ ancient country with _ long history. 5. China has _ population of 12 hundred million. _ Chinese people are _ great people. 6. Her mother is _ university teacher. She is _ honest woman. 7. None of _books should be taken out of _ room without _ permission of _ librarian. 8. _Party always teaches us to work for _ people heart and soul. 9. She studies at _No. 3 Middle School. She goes to _ school by _ bus every day. 10. My elder sister is _student of _ English. She studies at _ college.,Practise,a,the,a,The,an,the,an,a,the,The,/,a,an,the,the,the,/,The,/,/,/,/,/,a,a,四、动词,动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。,小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can, must等。,Be动词,am, is,are,was, were,been,Practise,1. He _ very good at English. 2. My father and I _ going to Beijing next month. 3. _ you on duty the day before yesterday? 4. Mr. King _ in London two weeks ago. 5. There _ many kinds of animals in the zoo. 6. What _ the date yesterday? 7. Look! A little girl _ flying a kite. 8. Who _ not at school last Monday? 9. Have you ever _