,4 语法专题课,Unit 1 Friendship,Period,Warming Up,Report someones words.,Tom said: “” Tom said that,Lead-in,一、定义 _，叫直接引语。直接引语一般前后要加 _。 _，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成 _从句。,直接引述别人的原话,引号,用自己的话转述别人的话,宾语,Andy,“My parents are very well.” “Im writing a letter to my pen-pal.” “I want to go away for a holiday.” “John has given up his job.” “I saw Mary in the street.” “I had finished homework before supper.” “I cant come to the party on Friday.” “I will phone you when I get back.”,Andy said (that) his parents were very well.,Andy said he was writing a letter to his pen-pal.,Andy said he wanted to go away for a holiday.,Andy said John had given up his job.,Andy said he saw/had seen Mary in the street.,Andy said he had finished homework before supper.,Andy said he couldnt come to the party on Friday.,Andy said he would phone me when he got back.,1.陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作出相应变化。,Study For rules,Jane says, “Ive read Tonys book and I dont understand it.” ,Jane says that _read Tonys book and _ understand it.,she has,she doesnt,Note 1: 如果转述的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，间接引语的中的动词时态 _。,不变,直接引语,间接引语,(2) 指示代词,(4) 地点状语,(5)方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the next month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,borrow,lend,(3)时 间 状 语,Cindy: Whats the matter, Ted? Cindy: Have you hurt yourself? Cindy: Try and stand up. Can you stand up? Let me help you. Cindy: I think that the doctor had better see you. Ill phone Dr. Smith.,Ted: I slipped and fell downstairs. Ted: Yes, I have. I think that Ive hurt my back. Ted: Im sorry, Cindy. Im afraid that I cant get up. Ted: Thank you. Im sure I need an X-ray.,Ted told Cindy that _ _ and _ _. He thought that _ _. He was afraid that _ _ .He was sure that he needed an X-ray. He _ _ to Cindy for her help.,he had slipped and,fallen downstairs,he had hurt,himself,he had hurt his,back,he couldnt get,up,showed great,thanks,Cindy asked Ted _ and wondered _ _. Later, Cindy _Ted _ and offered him help. At that moment, Cindy thought that the doctor had better see him. She said _ _.,what was the matter,whether Ted had hurt,himself (or not),told,to stand up,she would,phone Dr. Smith,2.疑问句 直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语应改为由_或_引导的宾语从句，谓语动词若say, said,要改为_. 同时，改为_的语序。 直接引语如果是特殊问句，转化后的宾语从句仍然用原来的疑问词引导。（宾语从句要用陈述句语序）,Andy,whether,if,ask, asked,陈述句,“Does a friend always have to be a person?” the writer asks us. _ _ 2) Mother asked her, “ Are you very hot with so many clothes on?” _ _ _,The writer asks us if/ whether a friend always have to be a person.,Mother asked her if/ whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.,3) She asked me, “ When do they have their dinner?” _ 4) He asked me, “ What do you want ?” _,She asked me when they had their dinner.,He asked me what I wanted.,He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.” _ _ The teacher told us, “ A friend in need is a friend indeed” _ _ The girl said, “I get up at six every morning.” _ _,He said that light travels much faster than sound.,The teacher told us a friend in need is a friend indeed.,The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.,Note 2: 如果直接引语叙述的是客观真理, 名人名言或谚语, 或是所述事实现在仍然存在，仍是现在反复出现或习惯的动作时，改成间接引语时态不做任何变化。,He said, “ When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” _ _,He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.,Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street? ” _ _ _,Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.,He said to me, “I was born in 1973.” _,He told me that he was born in 1973.,Note 3: 直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语时, 或叙述的内容本身就是过去时，变成间接引语事态不变。,The teacher said to me “You must pay more attention to it.” _ _ The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water.” _ _,The teacher told me that I must pay more attention to it.,The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water.,Note 4: 如果直接引语中含有情态动