,UNIT,11,Learning Objectives Enquiring about packing Introducing packing Making packing requirements Negotiating terms of shipment Writing a shipping advice,包装与运输,Packing and Shipping, Speaking Task, Warm-up Practice, Listening Task, Follow-up Practice,CONTENTS, Writing Task, Reading Task,Warming-up Practice,We need to discuss some questions about what we are going to learn in this unit.,Sure, thatll help us understand better about what we are asked to do.,1) Why should commodities be packed? 2) How are cargoes classified? 3) What are the main types of packing? 4) What should be considered in packing the goods? 5) What are the main modes of shipment? 6) What are the advantages and disadvantages of each mode? 7) Why is the time of delivery so important? 8) How do we state the time of shipment? 9) What should be considered in deciding the time of shipment? 10) When the payment is made by L/C, the time of shipment is usually made in connection with the receipt of L/C. Why?,1. Questions for discussion,Introductory Remark,Packing is one of the important ways to realize the value of commodities. It protects and prettifies commodities and forms an important process in the storage, transportation, and sales of commodities. In international trade, packing is also decisive in identifying commodities. Hence, packing is one of the key terms in business communication and negotiation. Shipment is a very important part of international trade because goods by the seller have to be delivered to the buyer abroad, and the delivery of the goods is to be made possible by transport service, by road, rail, sea and air. Usually there are three parties involved in most movements of goods: the consignor, the carrier and the consignee Shipment covers rather a wide range of work, such as buyers sending shipping instructions, sellers sending shipping advice, booking shipping space, chartering ships, appointing shipping agent, arranging shipment, nomination of vessels, etc.,Cargoes Cargoes fall into three groups:,Bulk cargoes or cargoes in bulk : like wheat, mineral ore, coal, etc. Nude cargoes: like plants, vehicles, bronze or steel plates or blocks. Packed cargoes: all the other cargoes 1. transportation packing /outer packing/ big packing 2. selling packing / small packing / inner packing /immediate packing /marketing packing,Packing,Factors Influencing the Nature of Packing,1. Value of the goods 2. Nature of the transit 3. Nature of the cargo 4. Compliance with customs or statutory requirements 5. Resale value of packing material 6. General fragility of cargo 7. Variation in temperature during the course of transit 8. Ease of handling and stowage 9. Insurance acceptance conditions 10. Cost of packing,Guidelines for Packing your Products Pack the shipment in a strong container. Fill the containers to capacity. Distribute weight evenly within the container. Use moisture resistant packing material, such as waterproof inner liners with moisture absorbing agents. Use the special containers provided by carriers and private leasing companies. Use shrink wrapping to help keep moisture out and prevent theft. Dont mark packages with the brand name of goods to prevent theft. Minimise volume and weight. Use cement coated nails. Use straps on packages for extra strength. Avoid over-packing. Use simple shipping marks if possible. Marketing packing should be beautiful and scientific. Avoid previously-used, old cartons. Use permanent markers to label package. Remove old labels and obliterate old marking on package.,Can you add more?,Time of Shipment/Delivery Ways to state the time of shipment in the contract 1. A definite time is given for shipment Shipment at or before the end of March . Shipment on or before May, 15th. Shipment not later than October 31st. Shipment during January. Shipment within sixty days. Shipment during Jan./Feb.,2、When the payment is made by L/C, the time of shipment is usually made in connection with the time of receipt of L/C. The Buyer must open the relative L/C to reach the Sellers before 15 Oct. Shipment within 45 days after receipt of the relative L/C. 3 、Recent shipment Immediate shipment Prompt shipment Shipment as soon as possible,Considerations for deciding the time of shipment,1. The supply of the goods 2. Transportation 3. The market conditions of the goods 4. The conditions of the goods,Listening Task,In this part you are going to listen two passages. Now listen and try to finish the exercises while listening. Are you ready?, 11.1.1 Listen to the following passage and answer the following questions.,1）Why is packing considered to be particularly important in international trade? Because goods have to travel long distances before reaching their destination across oceans or continents. Accidents, rough weather, unloading and reloading on the way, everything has to be taken into consideration. 2) What are th