n 大肠分型中最早应用，后来随着NBI及放大 内镜出现，涌现出诸多分型如、 、(Kudo)、等。 n 以Sano CP分型应用广泛，但CP III型(IIIA、IIIB)需要结合 PP分型更为准确。 n 日本国内运用不统一，全球范围内推荐应用， 其优点是通过NBI(无须放大)即可判断病变性质。 n 为了综合以上种种分型优缺点，出现了目前较为全面但稍 显复杂的。 Faintly visible microvessels surrounding the pits. Elongated and increased thicker vessels surrounding the pits. Increased thick vessels unevenly sized with branching and curtailed irregularity. Nearly avascular or loose vessels with fragmentation. Type 1 色泽：与周围黏膜同色或色 泽略淡。 血管：无血管或似有似无的 单独花边状血管。 腺管：一致的黑点或白点状 腺管或腺管显示不清增生 性息肉。 1. Can be applied using colonoscopes with or without optical(zoom) magnification; 2. These structures(regular or irregular) may represent the pits and the epithelium of the crypt opening; 3. Type 2 consists of Vienna classification types 3, 4 and superficial 5(all adenomas with either low or high grade dysplasia, or with superficial submucosal carcinoma). The presence of high grade dysplasia or superficial submucosal carcinoma may be suggested by an irregular vessel or surface pattern, and is often associated with atypical morphology(e.g., depressed area).