中考专题（一）名词I. 名词的分类：(1)名词的定义：名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。 如：book （书); bread（面包）; news（新闻）;boy（男孩）; Tom（汤姆）; London（伦敦）; China（中国）【广东佛山】Whose_(猫) is that? Its hers.【广东佛山】Whats your_? I like playing the violin very much. A.job B.address C.hobby（2）名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词 专有名词：表示人、地方、组织、机构等的专有名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写 如：Tom/Beijing/Project Hope/WTO普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词 (1)：可数名词分为个体名词（teacher/desk/box/city)和集体名词(police/family) 【注】：集体名词前不可使用不定冠词； 集体名词不与one连用。 (2)：不可数名词分为物质名词(milk/water/rain/wood)和抽象名词（work/friendship/peace/love)II.名词的数1、 可数名词的数：【可数名词】：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。(1)单数： 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个： a banana a book a pen an orange an apple an eraser【陕西】John wants to be a _, so he often helps sick people in the hospital. A. reporter B. doctor C. scientist D. Cook【山东德州3】 A/An_ can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, the blue sea and many other things. A. actor B. scientist C. artist D. doctor (2)复数：指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式: 名词复数是在单数名词后加-s/-es构成(特殊情况除外) two bananas _ three watches _名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 单数变复数的规则变化：一般的名词变复数, 直接在词尾加-s book _ pen _ banana_ 河北】Cici enjoys dancing. Its one of her_ . A. prize B. prizes C. hobby D. hobbies福建泉州2】Mum, can I blow out all the _on the birthday cake now ? No, dear . You should make a wish first . A. flowers B. candles C. fruits 【山东德州2】The people who are more confident have more_ to make themselves successful.A. education B. chances C. pride D. excuses 浙江温州4】 I like reading. Me too. I especially like the _ written by J. K. Rowling. A. homework B. numbers C. moviesD. books. 以s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词, 加-es bus_ class _ box_ fox_ watch _ brush _ dish _四川南充3】There are some _ on the floor. A. milk B. child C. boxes. 以o 结尾的名词, 有生命的物质的名词, 加-es;【记】 黑人（Negro _） 英雄 （hero _ ） 爱吃土豆（Potato _）和西红柿 （tomato _）广西玉林】Eating more vegetables is good for our health. I often eat lettuce, broccoli and _. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. potato贵阳 Lily，lets make vegetable salad. How many_do we need? “One is enough.” A. oranges B. potato C. tomatoes 无生命的物质的名词, 加-s。 【记】 我听广播(radio _)， 也看到电视录像( video_)，说动物园( zoo _)里的袋鼠(kangaroo_) 弹着钢琴(piano _)，吃着竹子（bamboo _）吸引游客来拍照片 （photo _）. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词变复数,把f 或fe 改为-ves初中阶段掌握以下名词：【记】小偷的妻子用树叶和小刀在书架上杀死了半个狼的生命 thief_wife_leaf_knife_ shelf_half_wolf _ life _ 以y 结尾的名词变复数, 分两种情况：（1）辅音字母+y结尾的名词，改y 为i 再加-es。city_ family_ dictionary_ library _ 【2013江苏盐城】Do you have any _ ? Yes, I like chess and drama best. A. jobsB. duties C. hobbiesD. problems 【2014 广东】I hear you run for half an hour every day. Right, we have to.It is one of the _ in our school A.rules B.plans C.hobbies D.choices(2)元音字母+y 结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-sboy_ key _ monkey _ 2. 单数变复数的不规则变化：（1）单复数同形初中阶段掌握以下名词：【记】中国人和日本人爱护绵羊、鹿和鱼Chinese_ Japanese _ sheep_ deer _ fish _【2014广东】The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _there. A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit 【2012山东东营1】Mr. Jackson keeps lots of _ on his farm. A. sheepB. chickenC. gooseD. pandas（2）单复数不同形初中阶段掌握以下名词：【记】男人和女人的孩子用脚踢了耗子的牙齿man _ woman _ child_ foot _ mouse _ tooth_【另记为】：1. child children2. man men woman women policeman policemen (规律：man men)3. foot feet tooth teeth(3) 某国人的复数： 1)中、日不变 Chinese Japanese2). 英、法变 Englishman Frenchman3). 其余s加后面 American German- Australian Canadian 【2013黑龙江绥化】 I saw some _ and _ dancing in the street the day before yesterday. A. Germen; Englishmen B. Germans; Englishmans C. Germans; Englishmen3.修饰可数名词的修饰词有：these, those, few,a few, many, how many ,too many, a good(great) many, a number of 等。【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】2. How many_ are there in the basket?