基本句型汉译英练习 主谓结构（S十V）,本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises. 主语可有修饰语-定语，如，The red sun rises. 谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，The red sun rises in the east 翻译练习: 1.你应当努力学习。 2.她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我们谈了很多。 4.会议将持续两个小时。,5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 7.1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 8.每天八时开始上课。 9.这个盒子重五公斤。 10.五年前我住在北京。 11.爱丽丝很会游泳。 12.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。 13.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 14.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 15.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,Check the answers:,1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. That morning we talked a great deal. 4. The meeting will last two hours. 5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6. Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 7. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.,8. Classes begin at eight every day. 9. This box weighs five kilos. 10. I lived in Beijing five years ago. 11. Alice swims very well. 12. Johns father died last night. 13. In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 14. My grandfather gets up early in the morning. 15. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.,2S十V十O主谓宾结构,此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语构成。在此句式中V代表及物动词或及物动词词组(vt)，只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须接宾语，因此后有宾语；宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。 （名词，名词短语或代词）例如： eg: I saw a film .译：我看了一部电影。 （I是主语，saw是谓语，a film宾语） eg: They took good care of the children译：他们把这些孩子照看得很好。 (they是主语 ,took good care of是谓语,其中took是take的过去式，the children是宾语),说明： 此结构中的谓语动词如果是动词词组,分两种情况: 1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词即变成及物动词词组,1.动词+副词：get in(收割),hand in（提交，交进） 动词+介词：persist in(坚持)，succeed in (在成功) 2.动词+副词：如，turn on(开),move on（走开）, pass on（传递）, put on（穿上）, have on（穿着）. 动词+介词：work on（从事于）, operate on（在上动手术）, agree on（同意）get on（上车，上船）,ride on（骑上）,有的含有介词 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。如，look after（照顾）, look at（瞧）, look for（寻找）, belong to（属于）, refer to（参考，提及）, think of（考虑，评价）, send for（派人去请）, care for（喜欢）,suffer from（受之苦）, deal with(对付，应付), object to（反对）, pay for（付的钱）,等 。,总结：动+副构成的短语动词，宾语是名词可以置中或置后，宾语是代词只能置中,1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副词的动副词组是可拆分的。如， They carried out the plan successfully.我们还可以说， They carried the plan out successfully. 但我们只说 As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully. 动副词组都可以这样用，如，point out（指出）, carry out（执行）, put forward（提出）, work out（做出，算出）, find out（找出）, give up（放弃）, give away（赠送，分发）,pick up（拣起）, put up（挂上）, 等。,Exercise practice,1.昨晚我写了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night. 2.这本书他读过多次了。 He has read this book many times. 3.他们成功地完成了计划。(carry out) They have carried out the plan successfully. 4.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。(finish doing) You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently. 6.我开窗户你在意吗？ Do you mind my opening the window? 7.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。(dress oneself) Jim cannot dress himself.,8.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. 9.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 10.他不知道说什麽好。 He did not know what to say. 11.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。(take a bath) He takes a cold bath every morning. 12.他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。 (sing praise for) They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero.,翻译练习,我不信任那个人。（believe in) 他指出了我的作文中的错误。 (point out) 圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call on ) 你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in) 五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work out) 这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take good care of) 你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on) 沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。 (give off) 写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go over) 脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。(take off) 人们会把她找出来的。(find out) 我们必须派人去请医生 (send for),我不信任那个人。（believe in) 他指出了我的作文中的错误。 (point out) 圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。(call on ) 你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。(hand in) 五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。(work out) I dont believe in(介) that man. He pointed out（副） the mistakes in my composition. On Christmas Day, we will call on（介）our foreign teachers. You must hand in（副） your exercise-books after class. We cannot work out（副） the problem in five minutes.,Check the answers,这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。(take good care of) 你在工作中可依靠他。(depend on) 沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。 (give off) 写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。(go over) 脱掉你的外套，离开前再穿。(take off, put on) 人们会把她找出来的。(find out) 我们必须派人去请医生 (send for) The nurse will take good care of your father. You can depend on（介） him in your work. Boiling water gives off（副） steam. After writing a composition, we must go over（介）it. Take off your coat and put it on（副） before you leave. People will find her out（副）. We must send for（介） a doctor,3.S十V十P主系表结构,说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。 P一般是形容词或名词或名词性质的短语，V是系动词,常见的系动词有 （1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound. （2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand. （3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.,eg: He is handsome译：他长得帅。 (he做主语，is是系动词，handsome是形容词，做表语) eg: He is a clever boy。 译：他是一个聪明的男孩 （he是主语，is 是系动词，a clever boy是名词短语不定冠词a/an + 形容词名词单数，做表语） eg: The desk feels hard译：书桌摸起来很硬。 (The desk是主语，feel是系动词，hard是形容词),翻译练习：,我的兄弟都是大学生。 冬季白天短，夜晚长。 布朗夫人看起来很健康。 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 孩子们，请保持安静。 My brothers are all college students. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. Mrs Brown looks very healthy. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. Children, keep quiet please.,这本书是有关美国历史的书。 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 他失业了。